Variability of Response Location during Regular and Partial Reinforcement

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Ferraro ◽  
Kathleen H. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Variable Interval ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Response Location ◽  
Location Response

4 pigeons were trained to peck an 8-location response strip for grain reinforcement and given 14-session exposures to variable interval and regular reinforcement schedules. Regardless of the sequence of reinforcement schedules, partial reinforcemen produced greater response-location variability along the topographical response continuum than did regular reinforcement.

Extinction, Stimulus Generalization and Partial Reinforcement for Higher-Order Meaning Conditioning

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Miller ◽  
Wylla D. Barsness
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Order Conditioning

This study investigated the degree to which higher-order conditioning of word meaning demonstrated acquisition, stimulus generalization, extinction and differential effects of reinforcement schedules. For 120 Ss, using a 2 × 3 factorial design, only extinction was not demonstrated. S awareness was unrelated to acquisition.

The effects of continuous versus partial reinforcement schedules on associative learning, memory and extinction in Lymnaea stagnalis

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sangha ◽  
Chloe McComb ◽  
Andi Scheibenstock ◽  
Christine Johannes ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Term Memory

SUMMARY A continuous schedule of reinforcement (CR) in an operant conditioning procedure results in the acquisition of associative learning and the formation of long-term memory. A 50 % partial reinforcement (PR) schedule does not result in learning. The sequence of PR—CR training has different and significant effects on memory retention and resistance to extinction. A CR/PR schedule results in a longer-lasting memory than a PR/CR schedule. Moreover,the memory produced by the CR/PR schedule is resistant to extinction training. In contrast, extinction occurs following the PR/CR schedule.

Inoculation against Learned Helplessness

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151
Author(s):  
Norman Stein
Keyword(s):  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Avoidance Performance ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Joint Contribution ◽  
The Impact

Different patterns of successes and failures which comprised two partial reinforcement schedules were combined with the presence or absence of training in the attribution of effort to assess their relative effectiveness in preventing learned helplessness in non-depressed human subjects. These conditions preceded a series of insoluble discrimination problems. Also, in the absence of prior training, a helpless group received the insoluble problems, a non-helpless group received contingent feedback, and a no-treatment control group received no feedback. All groups were tested for escape/avoidance performance on a shuttle box. Analysis indicated that only the attribution of effort combined with partial reinforcement in which the number of consecutive failures prior to a success was variable produced an inoculation against learned helplessness. Results are discussed in terms of the joint contribution of reinforcement histories and perceptions of personal control over outcomes in mediating the impact of uncontrollable events.

The Effect of Different Combinations of Continuous and Partial Reinforcement Schedules on Response Persistence in Mentally Handicapped Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Tierney ◽  
Howard V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Handicapped People ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Response Persistence

Two experiments investigated the effects on persistence of behaviour in extinction of different training procedures, using mentally handicapped boys who were trained to place objects of different shapes into matching holes in a box for sensory reinforcers. In Experiment 1 two subjects were given three training procedures: (i) a C-C procedure, consisting of 80 trials of continuous reinforcement (CRF); (ii)a P-P procedure, consisting of 80 trials of variable ratio reinforcement (VR5); and (iii) a C-P procedure, consisting of 40 trials on CRF followed by 40 on VR5. Extinction occurred most quickly after C-C training, next quickest after P-P training. In experiment 2 with four boys, C-P training of 160 trials of CRF, followed by 120 trials of VR5, produced quicker extinction than P-P training of 280 trials of VR5 reinforcement. The implications of these results for training persistent behaviour in mentally handicapped people are discussed.

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