Preference Assessment for Application of the Premack Principle

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Whitehurst ◽  
Michelle Domash
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Response Preference ◽  
Menu Choice ◽  
Free Operant ◽  
Toy Play ◽  
Premack Principle ◽  
Males And Females

The efficacy of employing verbal choice or reinforcement-menu choice as an indicator of free-operant play preferences was assessed in 22 second grade Ss by employing all three preference measures over 10 daily sessions. The correspondence of choice via menu or verbal preference indices with free-operant measures of response preference did not exceed chance. Intersubject agreement on free-operant rank orders of five classes of toy play for males and females was not evidenced; although intrasubject reliability in operant choice behavior for the first and last sessions was significant for all five toy classes. The implications of these findings for defining preferred or high probability events in classroom applications of the Premack principle is discussed.

Evaluation of Free-operant Preference Assessment: Outcomes of Varying Session Duration and Problem Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 014544552092542
Author(s):  
Casey J. Clay ◽  
Brittany A. Schmitz ◽  
Anne M. Clohisy ◽  
Aqdas F. Haider ◽  
SungWoo Kahng
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Preference Assessments ◽  
Reinforcing Efficacy ◽  
Session Duration ◽  
Free Operant ◽  
Preferred Stimulus

Previous researchers have found brief versions of preference assessments correspond to outcomes of longer preference assessments, and that varying levels of problem behavior occur in different preference assessments. Researchers conducted two studies to examine 1-, 2-, and 5-min duration outcomes of the free-operant preference assessment and evaluated the correspondence between the shorter and longer session durations and to identify frequency of problem behavior at each duration. Researchers also assessed relative reinforcing efficacy of the highest preferred stimulus from the shortest duration sessions. Moderate to high correlations were found between the 1- and 2-min sessions and 1- and 5-min sessions across six of eight participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in Study 1 and two of three participants in Study 2. Furthermore, all highest preference stimuli identified in the shortest duration assessment served as reinforcers. Researchers found problem behavior generally occurred more in longer duration sessions.

scholarly journals User Equilibrium Analysis Considering Travelers’ Context-Dependent Route Choice Behavior on the Risky Traffic Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6706
Author(s):  
Qinghui Xu ◽  
Xiangfeng Ji
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
Risk Neutral ◽  
Context Dependent

This paper studies travelers’ context-dependent route choice behavior in a risky trafficnetwork from a long-term perspective, focusing on the effect of travelers’ salience characteristics. In particular, a flow-dependent salience theory is proposed for this analysis, where the flow denotes the traffic flow on the risky route. In the proposed model, travelers’ attention is drawn to the salient travel utility, and the objective probabilities of the state of the world are replaced by the decision weights distorted in favor of this salient travel utility. A long-run user equilibrium will be achieved when no traveler can improve his or her salient travel utility by unilaterally changing routes, termed salient user equilibrium, which extends the scope of the Wardropian user equilibrium. Furthermore, we prove the existence and uniqueness of this salient user equilibrium. Finally, numerical studies demonstrate our theoretical findings. The equilibrium results show non-intuitive insights into travelers’ route choice behavior. (1) Travelers can be risk-seeking (the travel utility of a risky route is small with a relatively high probability), risk-neutral (in special situations), or risk-averse (the travel utility of a risky route is large with a relatively high probability), which depends on the salient state. (2) The extent of travelers’ risk-seeking or risk-averse behavior depends on their extent of salience bias, while the risk-neutral behavior is irrelative to this salience bias.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PUNISHMENT ON FREE-OPERANT CHOICE BEHAVIOR IN HUMANS

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bradshaw ◽  
E. Szabadi ◽  
P. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Free Operant

scholarly journals Surgical anatomy of the intrapelvic branches of the superior gluteal artery in individuals of the dolihomorphic somatotype

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuzmenko ◽  
K. A. Radzetskaya
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Superior Gluteal Artery ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
Vascular Injection

Objective: to identify the localization variants of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the superior gluteal artery (SGA) in individuals of the dolihomorphic somatotype. Material and methods. 27 male dead bodies (at the age from 30 to 75) and 12 female dead bodies (at the age from 34 to 88) were used as the material for the research, the individuals had died as a result of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology. The vascular injection method, preparation method, and statistical processing of the obtained data were applied to attain the objective. Results. It has been found that the formation of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses in males and females is most often present in the proximal and middle onethirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA, rarely - in its distal one-third. Stable hemostasis with high probability can be achieved by excluding from the bloodstream of the proximal and middle one-thirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA using selective emboli or by ligation. Conclusions. The performed research has demonstrated that the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the SGA in males and females have the definite pattern of their origination.

Spatial ecology and core-area protection of Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1098-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Congdon ◽  
O.M. Kinney ◽  
R.D. Nagle
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Temporary Wetlands ◽  
Emydoidea Blandingii ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Males And Females

We documented sizes of terrestrial protection zones around wetlands that are necessary to protect all of the core area of Blanding’s Turtles ( Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838)) on the Edwin S. George Reserve (ESGR) in southeastern Michigan. Data collected over three decades indicated that 39% of the 83 females and 50% of the 60 males maintained the same residence wetland for more than 20 years, and 33% of the 182 nonresident females used nesting areas on the ESGR for more than 20 years. Approximately 20% of resident males and females were captured in 21 temporary wetlands on the ESGR. Nesting areas were located from 100 to 2000 m from residence wetlands, and some of 45 females (18%) used up to six different nesting areas, some separated by >1000 m. Terrestrial protection zones 300 and 450 m around all wetlands (residence and temporary) protect 90% and 100% of nests, respectively. Terrestrial protection zones of 300, 1000, and 2000 m around residence wetlands only are required to protect 14%, 87%, and 100% of adults, respectively. A protection zone that encompasses the activities of most or all Blanding’s Turtles has a high probability of including the core areas of most other semiaquatic organisms.

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