A “Character of the Market Method” Is Facing a Crucial Test

AbstractWe present a project that aims to provide a complete theoretical and observational framework for an as yet unexplored class of variable stars, the ultralong-period Cepheids (P longer than 80–100 days). Given their very high luminosities (MV up to −7 mag), with the Hubble Space Telescope we will be able to observe them easily in stellar systems located at large distances (~ 100 Mpc). This limit will be further increased, out to the Hubble flow (~ 350 Mpc), using future ground-based facilities such as the European Extremely Large Telescope. The nature of their pulsation is as yet unclear, as is their evolutionary status, which seems different from the central helium-burning phase generally associated with classical Cepheids. These objects have been found to cover a very large metallicity range, from [Fe/H] ~ −2 dex to solar values, and they are located in heterogeneous stellar systems, from dwarf to spiral galaxies. Once completely characterized, they could provide a crucial test, since they have been found in all Type Ia supernova host spiral galaxies that have been monitored for variability over long periods and that currently offer sound constraints on the estimated value of the Hubble constant.

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Placing welfare states: The Netherlands as a crucial test case

Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice ◽

10.1080/13876980008412635 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 39-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Robert E. Goodin ◽

Anneloes Smitsman

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Welfare States ◽

Test Case ◽

Crucial Test

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The Currently Earliest Angiosperm Fruit from the Jurassic of North America

Biosis:Biological Systems ◽

10.37819/biosis.001.04.0160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Wang

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Early Cretaceous ◽

Middle Jurassic ◽

Early Evolution ◽

The North ◽

Plant Group ◽

Ecological Radiation ◽

Origin Of Angiosperms ◽

Crucial Test

Angiosperms are the single most important plant group in the current ecosystem. However, little is known about the origin and early evolution of angiosperms. Jurassic and earlier traces of angiosperms have been claimed multiple times from Europe and Asia, but reluctance to accept these records remains. To test the truthfulness of these claims, palaeobotanical records from continents other than Europe and Asia constitute a crucial test. Here I document a new angiosperm fruit, Dilcherifructus mexicana gen. et sp. nov, from the Middle Jurassic of Mexico. Its Jurassic age suggests that origin of angiosperms is much earlier than widely accepted, while its occurrence in the North America indicates that angiosperms were already widespread in the Jurassic, although they were still far away from their ecological radiation, which started in the Early Cretaceous.

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Abundance of dwarf galaxies around low-mass spiral galaxies in the Local Volume

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/202038862 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 644 ◽

pp. A91

Author(s):

Oliver Müller ◽

Helmut Jerjen

Keyword(s):

Surface Brightness ◽

Spiral Galaxies ◽

Dwarf Galaxies ◽

Dwarf Galaxy ◽

Current Model ◽

Host Galaxies ◽

Local Volume ◽

Satellite Problem ◽

Low Mass ◽

Crucial Test

The abundance of satellite dwarf galaxies has long been considered a crucial test for the current model of cosmology leading to the well-known missing satellite problem. Recent advances in simulations and observations have allowed the study of dwarf galaxies around host galaxies in more detail. Using the Dark Energy Camera we surveyed a 72 deg2 area of the nearby Sculptor group, also encompassing the two low-mass Local Volume galaxies NGC 24 and NGC 45 residing behind the group, to search for as yet undetected dwarf galaxies. Apart from the previously known dwarf galaxies we found only two new candidates down to a 3σ surface brightness detection limit of 27.4 r mag arcsec−2. Both systems are in projection close to NGC 24. However, one of these candidates could be an ultra-diffuse galaxy associated with a background galaxy. We compared the number of known dwarf galaxy candidates around NGC 24, NGC 45, and five other well-studied low-mass spiral galaxies (NGC 1156, NGC 2403, NGC 5023, M 33, and the LMC) with predictions from cosmological simulations, and found that for the stellar-to-halo mass models considered, the observed satellite numbers tend to be on the lower end of the expected range. This could mean either that there is an overprediction of luminous subhalos in ΛCDM or that we are missing some of the satellite members due to observational biases.

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The Crucial Test—Mid-1945

Chemical Warfare ◽

10.4324/9781315081472-9 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 262-289

Author(s):

Frederic J. Brown ◽

Jeanne Guillemin

Keyword(s):

Crucial Test

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The Regional Response to the Venezuelan Exodus

Current History ◽

10.1525/curh.2019.118.805.56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (805) ◽

pp. 56-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luisa Feline Freier ◽

Nicolas Parent

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Immigration Policies ◽

Crucial Test

[T]he Venezuelan displacement crisis is a crucial test of the liberal immigration policies that have been adopted across Latin America.

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Quantum tunneling times: A crucial test for the causal program?

Foundations of Physics ◽

10.1007/bf02055207 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 269-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

James T. Cushing

Keyword(s):

Quantum Tunneling ◽

Tunneling Times ◽

Crucial Test

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Thomas–Wigner rotation and Thomas precession in covariant ether theories: novel approach to experimental verification of special relativity

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/cjp-2014-0340 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 503-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander L. Kholmetskii ◽

Tolga Yarman

Keyword(s):

Inertial Frame ◽

Empty Space ◽

Special Theory ◽

Theory Of Relativity ◽

Thomas Precession ◽

Wigner Rotation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Inertial Frames ◽

Crucial Test ◽

Ether Theories

We continue the analysis of Thomas–Wigner rotation (TWR) and Thomas precession (TP) initiated in (Kholmetskii and Yarman. Can. J. Phys. 92, 1232 (2014). doi:10.1139/cjp-2014-0015 ; Kholmetskii et al. Can. J. Phys. 92, 1380 (2014). doi:10.1139/cjp-2014-0140 ), where a number of points of serious inconsistency have been found in the relativistic explanation of these effects. These findings motivated us to address covariant ether theories (CET), as suggested by the first author (Kholmetskii. Phys. Scr. 67, 381 (2003)) and to show that both TWR and TP find a perfect explanation in CET. We briefly reproduce the main points of CET, which are constructed on the basis of general symmetries of empty space–time, general relativity principles, and classical causality, instead of Einstein’s postulates of the special theory of relativity (STR). We demonstrate that with respect to all known relativistic experiments performed to date in all areas of physics, both theories, STR and CET, yield identical results. We further show that the only effect that differentiates STR and CET is the measurement of time-dependent TWR of two inertial frames, K1 and K2, related by the rotation-free Lorentz transformation with a third inertial frame, K0, in the situation, where the relative velocity between K1 and K2 remains fixed. We discuss the results obtained and suggest a novel experiment, which can be classified as a new crucial test of STR.

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