Haplotypic variability and population genetic structure of Garganey Anas querquedula and common pochard Aythyla ferina in the Western Palearctic

Haplotypic variability and population genetic structure of Garganey Anas querquedula and common pochard Aythyla ferina in the Western Palearctic The mitochondrial DNA (D-loop of mtDNA) sequencing method was used for investigation of various populations of Garganey Anas querquedula and Common Pochard Aythya ferina in the Western Palearctic. Reconstructed phylogenetic relationships based on comparison of D-loop sequences enabled to identify genetic similarity on the level of individual birds and to designate populations with different genetic structure. Identified haplotypic variability indicated the existence of two populations of Garganey with a different genetic structure in Europe. Some genetic variability was also observed among populations of Common Pochard of different origin. Haplotypic variability at different levels was found in both investigated species, despite a considerable overlap in wintering sites used by Garganeys and Common Pochards breeding in various regions.