scholarly journals STRUCTURAL FACTORS FOR A THIRD-GENERATION PORT: PLANNING INTERVENTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN GIOIA TAURO, ITALY, TEN-T NODE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO RUSSO ◽  
CORRADO RINDONE
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Port Planning

Exploring relationships between rubber productivity and R&D in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibragimov Abdulla ◽  
Fatimah Mohamed Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Production System ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Rubber Production

In recent decades, the Malaysian rubber sector has developed from a supplier of raw materials to a rubber-based manufacturing industry producing export products such as gloves and tyres. In contrast, the upstream rubber sector has experienced a declining trend in both plantation area and production capacity. In 2015, almost 95% of rubber producers were smallholders who depended on plantations as their main source of income. Despite government efforts to boost growth in the industry, the area and productivity have continued to decline. This study attempts to examine the structural factors that led to a decline in rubber area and natural rubber production and proposes strategies to enhance productivity and returns for smallholders. A system dynamics approach was used to capture the feedback relationships between variables in the rubber production system as well as the temporal lags and non-linearities. The findings suggest that gradual research and development funding for development of high-yielding clones holds major promise for yield improvement and increased income for smallholders.

The Research and Development of the Third Generation of Photovoltaic Modules

2013 ◽  
Vol 1538 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Tingkai Li
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
The Third ◽  
Si Solar Cell ◽  
Cell Modules

ABSTRACTIn order to make high efficiency and low cost solar cell modules, the concept of third generation of photovoltaic modules have been provided. The first generation solar cell: Crystal Si solar cell including single crystal and poly-crystal Si solar cell；The second generation solar cell：Thin film solar cell including Si base thin film, CIGS, CdTe and III-V thin films; The third generation solar cell is the future high efficiency and low cost solar cell modules, such as low cost quantum dots solar cell, Si base thin film tandem and triple cell modules, III-V solar cell on Si, HIT solar cell and nanotechnology with no vacuum technique such as printable technologies and etc. This paper reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of each generation of the solar cell modules and technologies and discussed the research and development of the third generation of photovoltaic modules including the detail technology developments.

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