scholarly journals Dimorfismo sexual de Zophobas morio (Fabricius, 1776) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) en las etapas de pupa y de adulto

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Irene Mondragón

Zophobas morio, es un Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, de color negro opaco, robusto y de rápido desplazamiento.  Son sus larvas y no  los adultos, quienes resultan muy útiles en la alimentación de  animales como peces, arañas, aves, reptiles, escorpiones, anfibios y mamíferos, por su alto contenido de proteínas. Este es uno de los motivos que justifica su importancia  e  incentiva su cría con fines comerciales y de experimentación. En varios ensayos con este insecto, es necesario formar parejas de macho y hembra, lo que puede hacerse  tanto en la etapa de pupa como en la de adulto.  Este trabajo tiene como finalidad mostrar por medio de imágenes, el dimorfismo sexual de  Z. morio tanto en la etapa de  pupa, como en la adulta, con ejemplares vivos y muertos. Los adultos muertos fueron clarificados en KOH al 10% para facilitar su observación.  Las imágenes son fotografías de tipo descriptivas  y por el enfoque didáctico de la investigación, se elaboraron  dos mapas conceptuales para resumir por pasos el trabajo realizado e incentivar la repetibilidad.  Las fotografías de  pupas  y adultos  se realizaron con  un microscopio estereoscópico Wild M7A y una cámara digital Panasonic Lumix, DMC-ZS20.  Se obtuvo como resultado de las observaciones, una diferencia notable en la forma de las papilas genitales de la  pupa hembra,  con respecto a las del   macho. Igualmente al comparar el borde de la región   frontoclipeal del adulto macho con el de la hembra, se evidenció claramente el dimorfismo sexual.  La metodología utilizada fue bastante acertada para sexar al insecto en dos  fases de su ciclo biológico. Así, además de las claves taxonómicas existentes, este trabajo es un apoyo fotográfico y didáctico de utilidad en la identificación de la especie.

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
V. N. Fursov ◽  
L. S. Cherney

Darkling beetle Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) is recorded here for the first time as a new species for the fauna of Ukraine. Detailed study on morphology of preimaginal stages and biology of this species recently introduced to Ukraine, is given here. Zophobas atratus is an important species being easily reared in laboratory cultures and widely distributed in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Detailed descriptions of all life stages, including egg, young and older larvae, pupa and adult of Z. atratus are required for further taxonomical study of the genus Zophobas, which isn’t yet definitively established. New identification keys for adults and larvae of the genera of tribe Tenebrionini are presented here, based on a comparative analysis of the taxonomic characters of adults and larvae of Z. atratus and species from the genera Tenebrio and Neatus. Comparative analysis of morphology of larva of Z. atratus and larvae of the tribe Cteniopodini of close subfamily Alleculinae was conducted here. The subfamily Alleculinae previously had the rank of family Alleculidae, but our analysis confirmed the reliability of its current taxonomic position as subfamily. The study of morphology of larvae of 1st and 2nd instars of Z. atratus revealed that they are characterized by special taxonomic structures that are not characteristic for oldest instars of larvae of Z. atratus. These characters include absence of spines on caudal segment, presence of a set of 4 setae at posterior margin of tergites of prothorax, metathorax, and 1st to 8th abdominal segments, strongly convex 2nd antennal segment and sensory zone in the form of an open ring on its apex, and etc. Moreover, structure of antenna of larvae of Z. atratus is similar to that of oldest larvae of most species of darkling beetles of the fauna of Ukraine. The most distinctive features of Z. atratus are: sexual dimorphism in structure of clypeus of adults; filiform sclerotized antenna of larva with a continuous sensory zone at apex of 2nd segment, weakly developed 3rd segment; fusion of sclerotized pleurites of 1st–8th abdominal segments with their tergites; sexual dimorphism in structure of 9th abdominal segment of pupa, and presence of two hooks on apex of its appendages. The data of original study of features of life cycle of Z. atratus are given. The pictures and photos of details of morphology of egg, larvae, pupa and adult of Z. atratus are presented. It was recored that life cycle of Z. atratus from laying of egg to the emergence of adult continues from 169 up to 181 days. Adults lived maximum up to 206 days. Maturation of eggs in female after copulation continues 10-11 days. Stage of egg continues 7 days, larva – up to 151 days, including pre-pupal period from 6 to 22 days, pupa – from 8 to 21 days. Twelve larval stages of Z. atratus were recorded in laboratory culture.


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