scholarly journals About Protobulgarian Cross-Shaped Temples?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Galabina Yosifova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Byzantine Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Early Byzantine ◽  
Construction Periods

The article examines two buildings with a cross-shaped plan, located in Pliska. After the destroying of one of the buildings, the Great Basilica was built on its remains. The report includes all the opinions of researchers about the purpose of the cross-shaped building - a tomb from the early Byzantine period, a protobulgarian pagan temple, a mausoleum of the Bulgarian Khans, a church, a baptistery, a martyrium. Its construction history, superstructure, construction periods, facilities that are functionally related to it, its fate after the adoption of Christianity are examined. A church was built on the foundations of the second crossshaped building. Therefore, her researcher is of the opinion that it was a protobulgarian temple. Most archaeologists believe that only the buildings with a plan of inscribed quadrilaterals were protobulgarian pagan temples and in their works do not mention this building at all and do not comment on the possibility that it was a pagan temple. R. Рашев reminded us of this forgotten monument. Other archaeologists also believe that the two cross-shaped buildings were probably pagan temples and formed a new group of cross-shaped temples in addition to the group of temples with a plan consisting of inscribed quadrilaterals. Keywords: Protobulgarian Cross-Shaped Temples, Cross-Shaped Building, Pliska, Great Basilica, Church № 3

The Power of the Cross and Cruciform Devices in the Carolingian World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Manuscript Culture ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Early Byzantine

This chapter shows the unquestionable role of the sign of the cross as the primary sign of divine authority in Carolingian material and manuscript culture, a role partly achieved at the expense of the diminishing symbolic importance of the late antique christograms. It also analyses the appearance of new cruciform devices in the ninth century as well as the adaptation of the early Byzantine tradition of cruciform invocational monograms in Carolingian manuscript culture, as exemplified in the Bible of San Paolo fuori le mura and several other religious manuscripts. The final section examines some Carolingian carmina figurata and, most importantly, Hrabanus Maurus’ In honorem sanctae crucis, as a window into Carolingian graphicacy and the paramount importance of the sign of the cross as its ultimate organizing principle.

scholarly journals Catalogue of small finds from excavations outside the fortified palace of Romuliana, 2005-2007

Starinar ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 277-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Zivic
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Small Finds ◽  
Early Byzantine

The excavations of the trial trenches extra muros Romuliana, in the 2005-2007 period, were carried out in cooperation with the DAI RGK (R?misch-Germanische Kommission des Deutches Arh?ologische Instituts), in order to verify the results of a previously conducted geophysical survey. Although the number of finds obtained from the eight test-pits (05/1, 05/2, 06/1, 06/2, 07/1, 07/2 07/3 and 07/4), that had been explored during four campaigns, was not big among them we can still find artifacts of great importance for studying the history of Romuliana, relating to the Late Classical and Early Byzantine period, from the end of the III up to the end of the VI century A.D. We point out finds of cruciform, gold fibula, coming from the tomb explored in the year 2005, and a gilded specimen with imperial portraits, from grave 6 explored in 2006. Finds of early Byzantine bronze fibulae, with a reversed back foot, are also of some importance, as well as glass vessels and a large number of iron tools. The finds in the catalogue are listed according to the explored units.

scholarly journals Marble vessels from Jiyeh (Porphyreon)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gwiazda
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
A Site ◽  
Early Byzantine

Imported marble vessels from Jiyeh (Porphyreon), a site on the Phoenician coast, could not be easily identified in terms of function and dating for lack of sound stratigraphic evidence. An examination of parallels from other sites in the Eastern Mediterranean was needed in order to determine the chronology and uses of these objects. Virtually all of the Jiyeh vessels were thus dated to the early Byzantine period. Forms included utilitarian mortars and plates, as well as tentative liturgical tabletops. The repertoire represents standard exports of vessels of these shapes to Syro-Palestine from Greece and Asia Minor. Their distribution in Syro-Palestine was conditioned by geographical factors, as well as the affluence of settlements that imported such objects.

Jewelry and Enamels

2021 ◽  
pp. 574-592
Author(s):  
Antje Bosselmann-Ruickbie
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Gold Jewelry ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Early Byzantine

This chapter surveys jewelry and enamels. Byzantine jewelry has survived in small numbers. Early Byzantine rings, bracelets, necklaces, and earrings were made with gold, gemstones, and pearls, often in the opus interrasile openwork technique. From the tenth century, enamels could also adorn (imperial) gold jewelry. Inscribed and engraved rings were common in the Middle and Late Byzantine period. Bronze pieces attest to everyday jewelry. Increased exchange with other areas, especially the West, is noticeable in post-Crusader times.

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