scholarly journals A viability analysis of sustainable by-catch fisheries under direct conservation measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stewart David Namoori Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Viability Theory ◽  
Viability Kernel ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Quota Management

<p>Sustainability in fisheries is a complex concept and one that has attracted a rich history of research over time. The basic concerns of sustainability are how to reconcile ecological, economic and social requirements within the perspectives of intra- and inter-generational equity. Therefore, maintaining these requirements simultaneously is critical to achieving a perennial system and avoiding so-called “crisis” situations. It is contended that viability theory, which is a relatively new area of mathematics, rigorously captures the essence of sustainability. Using viability theory, this thesis develops two viability models based on different direct conservation measures (i.e. input and output controls) to examine the feasibility conditions under which a regulator can achieve sustainability in a fishery characterised by a “by-catch process”, whereby one species is targeted and another species is incidentally caught as by-catch. The first model considers a by-catch fishery where fishing input is controlled by a regulator. The second model considers two interrelated fisheries managed using a dual quantity-price system, which is based on New Zealand’s Quota Management System (QMS). For each model, the set of constraints representing the “good health” of the system are characterised using managerial priorities identified in the literature. Then, the viability kernel, which is the largest set of initial states for which there are controls that result in inter-temporal trajectories satisfying all the constraints, is approximated numerically. This is achieved by employing VIKAASA, which is a computer application capable of generating kernel approximations. The viability kernel provides the regulator with meaningful reference values and indicators for desirable or undesirable states of the fishery, which serve as important inputs into policy decisions. This study also shows the potential for viability theory to provide policy makers with a better insight of how to integrate ecosystem considerations into the QMS.</p>

scholarly journals A viability analysis of sustainable by-catch fisheries under direct conservation measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stewart David Namoori Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Viability Theory ◽  
Viability Kernel ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Quota Management

<p>Sustainability in fisheries is a complex concept and one that has attracted a rich history of research over time. The basic concerns of sustainability are how to reconcile ecological, economic and social requirements within the perspectives of intra- and inter-generational equity. Therefore, maintaining these requirements simultaneously is critical to achieving a perennial system and avoiding so-called “crisis” situations. It is contended that viability theory, which is a relatively new area of mathematics, rigorously captures the essence of sustainability. Using viability theory, this thesis develops two viability models based on different direct conservation measures (i.e. input and output controls) to examine the feasibility conditions under which a regulator can achieve sustainability in a fishery characterised by a “by-catch process”, whereby one species is targeted and another species is incidentally caught as by-catch. The first model considers a by-catch fishery where fishing input is controlled by a regulator. The second model considers two interrelated fisheries managed using a dual quantity-price system, which is based on New Zealand’s Quota Management System (QMS). For each model, the set of constraints representing the “good health” of the system are characterised using managerial priorities identified in the literature. Then, the viability kernel, which is the largest set of initial states for which there are controls that result in inter-temporal trajectories satisfying all the constraints, is approximated numerically. This is achieved by employing VIKAASA, which is a computer application capable of generating kernel approximations. The viability kernel provides the regulator with meaningful reference values and indicators for desirable or undesirable states of the fishery, which serve as important inputs into policy decisions. This study also shows the potential for viability theory to provide policy makers with a better insight of how to integrate ecosystem considerations into the QMS.</p>

Herpes Zoster with Cutaneous Dissemination in a Patient 21 Years after Splenectomy for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Moquete ◽  
Barry Hartman ◽  
Richard D. Granstein
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Varicella-zoster virus is a member of the herpes virus family that causes varicella during a primary infection and herpes zoster (HZ) when reactivated. Patients who are immunocompromised often have atypical presentations of HZ and experience complications such as multidermal involvement and dissemination. Objective: We report a case of disseminated HZ in an immunocompetent patient with a history of splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Our 46-year-old female patient presented with a painful vesiculopapular dermatomal rash with approximately 80 other lesions diffusely spread over her body. She was in good health but had a splenectomy for ITP 21 years earlier and a history of recurrent herpes labialis. The latter led to the tentative diagnosis of a widespread herpes simplex infection. However, laboratory results confirmed a diagnosis of disseminated herpes zoster. A workup of the patient's immune status did not reveal any abnormalities other than the patient's previously noted splenectomy. Conclusions: This case adds to the two reports of patients developing cutaneous disseminated HZ several years after splenectomy. Our case serves as a reminder that patients with a history of splenectomy appear to be at increased risk for cutaneous dissemination of HZ. Renseignements de base: Le virus varicelle-zona est un virus de la famille des Herpesviridae qui cause la varicelle durant une primo-infection, et l'herpès zoster (zona) (HZ) en cas de réactivation. Les patients qui sont immunocompromis ont souvent des présentations atypiques de HZ et affichent des complications telles que la participation et la dissémination multicutanées. Objectif: Nous exposons un cas de zona disséminé chez un patient immunocompétent ayant subi une splénectomie pour traiter un purpura thrombocytopénique idiopathique (PTI). Notre patiente âgée de 46 ans présentait une éruption vésiculo-papuleuse douloureuse localisée dans une zone dermatome avec environ 80 autres lésions diffuses réparties sur son corps. Elle était en bonne santé mais avait subi une splénectomie pour traiter un PTI 21 ans plus tôt et présentait des antécédents d'épisodes récurrents d'herpès labial. Ce dernier a abouti 'a un diagnostic provisoire d'une infection généralisée par le virus herpès simplex. Cependant, les résultats des analyses de laboratoire ont confirmé un diagnostic d'herpès zoster (zona) disséminé. Une investigation de l'état immunitaire de la patiente n'a pas révélé d'anomalies autres que la splénectomie que la patiente a subie antérieurement. Conclusions: Ce cas vient s'ajouter aux deux cas de patients signalés qui ont développé un HZ disséminé plusieurs années après avoir subi une splénectomie. Notre cas sert à rappeler que les patients présentant des antécédents de splénectomie semblent être exposés à un risque accru de dissémination cutanée sous forme de HZ.

From Catastrophe to Recovery: Stories of Fishery Management Success

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
High Price ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commercially Important

<i>Abstract.</i>—This chapter provides the history of the Caspian Kutum <i>Rutilus kutum</i> (Kamensky 1901) fishery in the Caspian Sea, analyzes long-term changes of stock condition and the main causes of fluctuations in abundance, and describes conservation measures that allowed resumption of fishing. Caspian Kutum (Cyprinidae family) is an endemic, semi-anadromous, medium-sized fish, reaching 53–67 cm in total length (rarely 71 cm) and weighing up to 4.0 kg (rarely 5.0 kg). Commercially important fisheries occur in Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan. Flesh and roe are enjoyed as food and have a high price in markets. Variability in sea level, construction of hydroelectric power plants on rivers, water irrigation withdrawals, industrial and domestic pollution, overfishing, and illegal fishing resulted in a sharp decline of Caspian Kutum abundance and resulted in a total ban on harvest in Russia between 1995 and 2004. In Iran, fishing for Caspian Kutum continued due to their stocking program. Conservation measures for Caspian Kutum stocks (e.g., listing in federal and local Red Data books, fishing ban, fight against illegal fishing), as well as an increase of artificial propagation in Iran, Azerbaijan, and Dagestan (Russia) during subsequent years, have allowed the recovery of stocks in Russian waters to 1990s levels as well as the resumption of fishing. The follow lessons may be applicable to fishery management programs elsewhere:

Conservation Measures for Energy, History of

2004 ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Gibbons ◽  
Holly L. Gwin
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Energy History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Die geskiedenis van die Nasionale Bontebokpark, Swellendam

Koedoe ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P.J. Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Early History ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
History Of

A description of the early history of the Swellendam district is given. The following aspects of the bontebok Damaliscus dorcas dorcas (Pallas, 1766) are discussed: distribution; origins of the historical confusion between bontebok and blesbok (D. d. phillipsi Harper, 1939); decline of the sub-species; conservation measures and redistribution.

scholarly journals Mobulid rays feed on euphausiids in the Bohol Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 161060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph A. Rohner ◽  
Katherine B. Burgess ◽  
Joshua M. Rambahiniarison ◽  
Joshua D. Stewart ◽  
Alessandro Ponzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Manta Birostris ◽  
History Of ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Mobula Japanica

Mobulid rays have a conservative life history and are caught in direct fisheries and as by-catch. Their subsequent vulnerability to overexploitation has recently been recognized, but fisheries management can be ineffective if it ignores habitat and prey preferences and other trophic interactions of the target species. Here, we assessed the feeding ecology of four mobulids ( Manta birostris , Mobula tarapacana , M. japanica , M. thurstoni ) in the Bohol Sea, Philippines, using stomach contents analysis of fisheries specimens landed between November and May in 2013–2015. We show that the mobulids feed heavily on euphausiid krill while they are in the area for approximately six months of the year. We found almost no trophic separation among the mobulid species, with Euphausia diomedeae as the major prey item for all species, recorded in 81 of 89 total stomachs (91%). Mobula japanica and M. thurstoni almost exclusively had this krill in their stomach, while M. tarapacana had a squid and fish, and Ma. birostris had myctophid fishes and copepods in their stomachs in addition to E. diomedeae . This krill was larger than prey for other planktivorous elasmobranchs elsewhere and contributed a mean of 61 364 kcal per stomach (±105 032 kcal s.e., range = 0–631 167 kcal). Our results show that vertically migrating mesopelagic species can be an important food resource for large filter feeders living in tropical seas with oligotrophic surface waters. Given the conservative life history of mobulid rays, the identification of common foraging grounds that overlap with fishing activity could be used to inform future fishing effort.

scholarly journals Intermittent attendance at breast cancer screening

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic Fleming ◽  
Sinead O'Neill ◽  
Miriam Owens ◽  
Therese Mooney ◽  
Patricia Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Good Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
History Of Cancer ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<em>Background</em>. To determine why women skip rounds and factors influencing return of previous non attenders (PNAs) to breast screening. <em></em><br /><em>Design and methods</em>. Retrospective, quantitative, structured questionnaire posted to 2500 women. First PNAs did not attend their first screening appointment in 2007/2008 but then attended in 2010; First Controls first attended in 2010 without missed previous appointments. Women who attended screening in 2006 or earlier then skipped a round but returned in 2010 were Subsequent PNAs; Subsequent Controls attended all appointments.<br /><em>Results</em>. More First Controls than First PNAs had family history of cancer (72.7% <em>vs</em> 63.2%; P=0.003); breast cancer (31.3% <em>vs</em> 24.8%; P=0.04). More PNAs lived rurally; more First PNAs had 3rd level education (33.2% <em>vs</em> 23.6%; P=0.002) and fewer had private insurance than First Controls (57.7% <em>vs</em> 64.8%; P=0.04). Excellent/good health was reported in First PNAs and First Controls (82.9% <em>vs</em> 83.2%), but fewer Subsequent PNAs than Subsequent Controls (72.7% <em>vs</em> 84.9%; P=0.000). Common considerations at time of missed appointment were<em> had mammogram elsewhere</em> (33% First PNA) and <em>postponed to next round</em> (16% First PNA, 18.8% Subsequent PNA). Considerations when returning to screening were similar for First PNAs and Subsequent PNAs: <em>I am older </em>(35.4%, 29.6%), <em>I made sure I remembered</em> (29%, 23.6%), <em>could reschedule</em> (17.6%, 20.6%), <em>illness of more concern</em> (16.5%, 19%). More First PNAs stated <em>my family/friends advised</em> (22.3% <em>vs</em> 15.2%) or<em> my GP</em> (12.6% <em>vs</em> 4.6%) <em>advised me to attend</em>, h<em>eard good things about BreastCheck</em> (28.8% <em>vs</em> 13.6%).<br /><em>Conclusions</em>. Intermittent attenders do not fit socio-demographic patterns of non-attenders; GP recommendation and word of mouth were important in women’s return to screening. Fear and anxiety seem to act as a screening facilitator rather than an inhibitor.<br />

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