Association between organ donation awareness and willingness among Saudi university students

Background: As the global incidence of end-stage organ failure increases, the gap between organ donors and recipients continues to widen. This study was conducted to determine the association between organ donation awareness and organ donation willingness among students of a Saudi university.Design and methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to select the required 723 sample size. Estimation of proportion of students who were aware about organ donation and those who were willing to donate their organs was performed using EpiInfo© Version 7. Association between organ donation awareness and willingness was determined using multivariate logistic regression.Results: Nearly 98% of the participants were aware that organ donation saves lives (95% CI: 96.27%-98.53%); 84.09% were aware that Islam allows organ donation (95% CI: 81.25%-86.58%); 64.87% were aware that organ donation is successfully done in Saudi Arabia (95% CI: 61.32%-68.26%); 32.64% were aware that the government gives incentives to the family of an organ donor (95% CI: 29.32%-36.14%). Over half (56.71%) of the students (95% CI: 53.07 - 60.28%) expressed willingness to donate their organs. Positive association was found between awareness on the position of Islam on organ donation (OR=2.7023, p<0.0001) and awareness of that organ donation can be successfully performed in Saudi Arabia (OR=1.9447, p=0.0001).Conclusion: Awareness that Islam allows organ donation and awareness that organ donation is successfully done in Saudi Arabia increased the students’ willingness to donate.

Social determinants of the disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 infection among African Caribbean and Black (ACB) population: A systematic review protocol

The challenges of identifying and eliminating racial disparities regarding the exposure, transmission, prevention, and treatment of communicable diseases within the healthcare system have been a mounting concern since the COVID-19 pandemic began. The African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) populations in Canada represent a fast-expanding and underprivileged community, which have been previously found to have higher susceptibility to communicable diseases and lower sensitivity to intervention measures. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to adequately identify racial patterns in the prevalence and healthcare utilization among the ACB population within the context of the ongoing pandemic. Our proposed study will explore the association between the social determinants of health (SDH) and COVID-19 health outcomes in ACB populations in high-income countries (UK, US, Australia). We will explore the literary evidence through a systematic review (SR) of COVID-19 literature covering the period between December 2019 and October 2020. The objectives include investigating the effect of SDH on the ACB populations’ risk to COVID-19 health outcomes, including COVID-19 infection incidence, severity of disease, hospitalization, mortality and barriers to the treatment and management of COVID-19 for Black people in Canada. In addition, this project aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on ACB communities in Ontario by examining the challenges that front-line healthcare workers and administrators have during this pandemic as it pertains to service provisions to ACB communities. A systematic review of original and review studies will be conducted based on the publications on eleven databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, NHS EDD, Global Health, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, and Taylor and Francis Online Journals) published between December 2019 to October 2020. Primary outcomes will include the rate of COVID-19 infection. The systematic review will include a meta-analysis of available quantitative data, as well as a narrative synthesis of qualitative studies. This systematic review will be among the first to report racial disparities in COVID-19 infection among the ACB population in Canada. Through synthesizing population data regarding the risk factors on various levels, the findings from this systematic review will provide recommendations for future research and evidence for clinical practitioners and social workers. Overall, a better understanding of the nature and consequences of racial disparities during the pandemic will provide policy directions for effective interventions and resilience-building in the post-pandemic era.

Sustainability in transformation of maternal mortality by interaction based approach in Dairi, Indonesia

Introduction: Health and mortality problems are closely related to the maternal mortality rate (MMR). Efforts to reduce MMR have been carried out by many countries, including the Indonesian government. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted using two approaches, namely quantitative and qualitative or mixed methods and 149 respondents and 26 informants, to reduce MMR in Dairi Regency. This study was also carried out to determine the dominant variable that affects mother's behavior in an effort to reduce MMR in accordance with the existing theory. Result: Mother's intention to contribute to the reduction of MMR in this study was influenced by the good factor directly or indirectly. This is indicated by the score p<0.005. The study also shows that it is very important for the health workers to be able to communicate well with individuals and communities. Conclusion: The present study will help to reduce maternal fatalities, and will help to build systems and processes that will allow control the behaviour of the pregnant women and determine the cause of death as well as its contributing factors.

COVID-19 and childhood obesity (CO-BESITY) in the era of new normal life: A need for a policy research

Background: In the era of new normal life (after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)), our children are experiencing the double threat of COVID-19 and Childhood Obesity (CO-BESITY). The rate of childhood obesity has been rapidly increasing in developed as well as low middle-income countries during the pandemic. Design and Methods: The current paper aims to identify the probable reasons of increase in childhood obesity during this pandemic and offers suggestions to reduce the burden of it. Literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the key terms “childhood obesity,” “obesity,” “pandemic,” and/or childhood obesity. All the relevant articles were included to support the argument for this viewpoint. Results: Childhood obesity is a complicated disorder having diverse outcomes. The incidence of childhood obesity is clearly analysed from Bronfenbrenner's model of child development. The model examines an overabundance of bio-psycho-social backgrounds, risks, and probable outcomes on the development of a child. COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the ecosystem of this dynamic model and has created an economic and social-cultural crisis that has ignited a chain reaction of stressors upon children and their families. In this paper, we have described how this Bronfenbrenner's model of child development also known as the Bioecological Model can be effective for the estimation and prevention of childhood obesity. Conclusion: We propose that this Bioecological Model will help the children and their families further to understand and manage the problem of childhood obesity during this pandemic on their own.

Risk perception, mental health impacts and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic among Filipino healthcare workers

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused an extraordinary situation, especially for the healthcare workers (HCWs), leading to increased psychological stress. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of different grades of anxiety and depression across different centers in the Philippines and identify demographic factors associated with them. Design and Method: A cross-sectional, web-based, multi-center study was conducted among HCWs of Philippines from April 20- May 20, 2020. The study instruments used were the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Risk perception scores were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. Logistic regression was done to identify factors significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression determined. Results: A total of 516 HCWs were included in the study. Most of them have anxiety symptoms (70.74%), but only half of them have symptoms of depression (50.97%). In addition, gender, age, marital status, living status, occupation, work premises, and availability of mental health services were significantly associated with the participants’ anxiety symptoms; In contrast, gender, marital status, occupation, and work premises were significantly associated with depression symptoms. Conclusion: This study reiterates the fact and demonstrates that COVID-19 has disrupted the mental well-being of HCWs in the Philippines. Majority of HCW was psychologically affected by COVID-19. Therefore, there is a dire need to address mental illness amongst HCWs and frame guidelines based on proven algorithms to overcome these mental illnesses.

Nurses' caring behavior based on personality in Indonesia: A pilot study for better-humanized healthcare services

Background: Caring behavior is influenced by psychological factors, including the characteristics of personality. However, psychological test results for nurses' recruitment are not optimal for nursing resource development. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personality characteristics and nurses' caring behavior in hospitals.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted involving 153 nurses of a private hospital in Jakarta selected by convenience sampling technique. Data were also collected from the Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI-24) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicators (MBTI) test results. Statistical analysis using the one-way ANOVA to identify differences in nurses' CBI scores based on MBTI personality.Results: The results study indicate that most of the nurses were traditionalists (75.16%), and the average CBI score (85.43±5.94) was equivalent to 85%, which means that nurses' caring behavior was good. There were differences in the scores of caring behavior among personality characteristics; however, these differences were not statistically significant (p = .320; α= .05). Furthermore, the post-hoc test analysis showed that the conceptualizer nurses had the highest caring behavior score, while the experiencers had the lowest.Conclusions: Personality characteristics, as measured by MBTI, are not related to the caring behavior of nurses. One possible reason for this result is that the MBTI does not specifically measure caring personality. Psychological tests on personality characteristics are used in career development and nurse placement. This study recommends that human resource management in healthcare use more specific tools to measure caring personality and psychological tests in healthcare staff recruitment for better-humanized healthcare services.

Fathers’ role in sustainability of exclusive breastfeeding practice in post-cesarean-section mothers

Background: The success of breastfeeding among post-cesarean-section mothers requires strong willingness and commitment, self-confidence, support from various professionals, and internal support (especially from their husband) and the belief and value of their family. Exclusive breastfeeding remains low in some cities such as in West Java, especially in post-cesarean-section mothers, who are influenced by certain factors. The purpose of this study is to identify husbands’ role and their support for post-cesarean-section mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.Design and Methods: This study used a qualitative phenomenological approach. with a combination of different data collection techniques: focus group discussion and in-depth interviews. Twelve husbands of post-cesarean-section mothers participated in this study. Data were analyzed by thematic content analysis.Results: Four themes were identified namely knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, the role of the father during breastfeeding, the experience of the husband and the family in supporting breastfeeding, and Women’s lack of knowledge, inconvenience due to pain as the most impending factors of exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusion: Most fathers seem eager to be involved and assist their partners to give breastfeeding to their baby. Furthermore, adequate support from family members, health care professionals, and employers can enable fathers to encourage and help their partners initiate and maintain exclusive breastfeeding. Fathers’ emotional, practical, and physical supports are also important factors that promote successful breastfeeding and enrich the experience of mothers.

The relationship of cultural values with clean and healthy life behaviour (CHLB) among Islamic boarding school students in Indonesia

Background: Poor clean and healthy life behaviours (CHLB) are often found in students (santri) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia. Pesantren is a subculture that has derived different cultural values from society, while santri have a habit of borrowing and lending clothes and see scabies as a blessing. This study aimed to identify and describe the correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri.Design and Methods: It used descriptive analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The participants were 100 santri who lived in pesantren and were selected by using stratified random sampling. The cultural values and CHLB practices were assessed using the instruments developed by the writers in the previous study. The statistical analysis using the Spearman correlation test was applied to evaluate the association between cultural values and CHLB practices.Results: The result shows a significant correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri (p=0.004; r=0.284). Most of the santri had positive cultural values (52%) and poor CHLB practices (54%).Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that most of the santri adhered to positive cultural values, and most of them had poor CHLB practices. These findings also showed significant correlation between cultural values and CHLB practices among santri. This study is expected to be the basis for school nurses to provide nursing care with a cultural approach to improve CHLB practices among santri.

Effectiveness health education and infant therapeutic group therapy on baby aged 0-6 months to prevent stunting risk factors: mother depression

Background: Stunting is a global and national problem that can be detected at the age of 2. Therefore, before this age, promotion efforts must be conducted to prevent stunting risk factors in the future. This study aims to determine the effect of health education and infant's Therapeutic Group Therapy on stunting's risk factor: maternal postpartum depression in Indonesia.Design and Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. This study employed a purposive sampling technique, with 96 respondents divided into two groups. Intervention group 1 consisted of 48 people who received health education, and group 2 consisted of 48 people who received health education and infant's Therapeutic Group Therapy. The data were collected using the Depression Inventory-II (DI II) questionnaire with a bivariate analysis of the Wilcoxon test and frequency distribution.Results: The results show that health education and infant's Therapeutic Group Therapy significantly influence the risky factors in stunting: maternal depression. It can be concluded that there were significant changes in maternal postpartum depression in intervention group 1 and intervention group 2, but in intervention group 2 who got Health Promotion and Therapeutic Group Therapy (TKT) for Infants there was a bigger and more significant decrease.Conclusions: Nursing action, infants' Therapeutic Group Therapy, and health education are recommended to prevent risk factors for stunting: mother depression. The results of this study are expected to underlie the development of mental health promotion to prevent stunted against maternal depression and preventive programs. In addition, the research is expected to underly provision of curative and rehabilitative programs for stunted.

A contributing factor of maternal pregnancy depression in the occurrence of stunting on toddlers

Background: Toddlers are a vulnerable population to nutritional problems including stunting. Stunting can have negative impact on toddlers' health. One of the factors causing stunting in toddlers is maternal pregnancy depression. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal pregnancy depression and the incidence of stunting in toddlers.Design and Methods: The research design employed a descriptive correlative with quota sampling technique. The research respondents were 140 mothers of toddlers in Indonesia such as West Java, East Java, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bali, North Sumatra, Riau, South Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, NTT, NTB, Maluku, Papua. The data were collected by using demographic method and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). The statistical tests employed correlation tests.Results: The analysis reveal that 26.4% toddlers in this study are stunted and 73.6% were not stunted. Maternal pregnancy depression has a significant relationship with the incidence of stunted toddlers (p = 0.044; r = 0.170).Conclusions: The results of this study are expected to underlie the development of mental health promotion to prevent stunted toddlers against maternal depression and preventive programs. In addition, the research is expected to underly provision of curative and rehabilitative programs for stunted toddlers.