scholarly journals Large waterborne Campylobacter outbreak: use of multiple approaches to investigate contamination of the drinking water supply system, Norway, June 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hyllestad ◽  
Arild Iversen ◽  
Emily MacDonald ◽  
Ettore Amato ◽  
Bengt Åge Sørby Borge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

On 6 June 2019, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health was notified of more than 50 cases of gastroenteritis in Askøy. A reservoir in a water supply system was suspected as the source of the outbreak because of the acute onset and geographical distribution of cases. We investigated the outbreak to confirm the source, extent of the outbreak and effect of control measures. A case was defined as a person in a household served by Water Supply System A (WSS-A) who had gastroenteritis for more than 24 h between 1 and 19 June 2019. We conducted pilot interviews, a telephone survey and an SMS-based cohort study of residents served by WSS-A. System information of WSS-A was collected. Whole genome sequencing on human and environmental isolates was performed. Among 6,108 individuals, 1,573 fulfilled the case definition. Residents served by the reservoir had a 4.6× higher risk of illness than others. Campylobacter jejuni isolated from cases (n = 24) and water samples (n = 4) had identical core genome MLST profiles. Contamination through cracks in the reservoir most probably occurred during heavy rainfall. Water supply systems are susceptible to contamination, particularly to certain weather conditions. This highlights the importance of water safety planning and risk-based surveillance to mitigate risks.

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WATER SAFETY PLAN FOR THE DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF FLORENCE, ITALY

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1822
Author(s):  
Cecilia Caretti ◽  
Roberta Muoio ◽  
Leonardo Rossi ◽  
Daniela Santianni ◽  
Claudio Lubello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

scholarly journals Sustainability characteristics of drinking water supply

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolijn van Engelenburg ◽  
Erik van Slobbe ◽  
Adriaan J. Teuling ◽  
Remko Uijlenhoet ◽  
Petra Hellegers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

Abstract. Developments such as climate change and growing demand for drinking water threaten the sustainability of drinking water supply worldwide. To deal with this threat, adaptation of drinking water supply systems is imperative, not only on a global and national scale, but particularly on a local scale. This investigation sought to establish characteristics that describe the sustainability of local drinking water supply. We use an integrated systems approach, describing the local drinking water supply system in terms of hydrological, technical and socio-economic characteristics that determine the sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Three cases on drinking water supply in the Netherlands are analysed. One case relates to a short-term development, that is the 2018 summer drought, and two concern long-term phenomena, that is, changes in water quality and growth in drinking water demand. The approach taken recognises that next to extreme weather events, socio-economic developments will be among the main drivers of changes in drinking water supply. Effects of pressures associated with, for example, population growth, industrial developments and land use changes, could result in limited water resource availability, deteriorated groundwater quality and growing water demand. To gain a perspective on the case study findings broader than the Dutch context, the sustainability issues identified were paired with global issues concerning sustainable drinking water supply. This resulted in a proposed set of generally applicable sustainability characteristics, each divided into five criteria describing the hydrological, technical and socio-economic sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. Elaboration of these sustainability characteristics and criteria into a sustainability assessment can provide information on the challenges and trade-offs inherent in the sustainable development and management of a local drinking water supply system.

scholarly journals Determining Hazards’ Prevention Critical Control Points in Water Supply Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Supply Systems

A drinking water supply system is an extraordinarily complex system—consisting of kilometers of pipes and various tanks, valves, pumps, and other equipment. This complexity makes it extremely vulnerable to physical, chemical, and/or biological hazards. Therefore, the vulnerability assessment of a drinking water supply system to identify the critical control points is absolutely necessary. This paper assesses the vulnerability of the drinking water supply systems. The assessment is elaborated in systems using water from surface water bodies and groundwater bodies. The critical control points are identified using a risk assessment methodology (identifying the probability of the hazard occurrence and its effect or severity) where the monitoring parameters, and the corrective actions are determined.

scholarly journals Groundwater Treatment for Establishment of Autonomous Drinking Water Supply Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

Groundwater of prospecting/operative boreholes located at the South-West suburb of Ekaterinburg and requiring a preliminary treatment to meet requirements of СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 state sanitary standard is a subject of inquiry. Optimal parameters (ozone doze, time of water contact with air/ozone mixture, water filtration rate, and ozone residual concentration) of the water de-ferrization, de-manganezation, and disinfection according the “oxidization-filtration” scheme have been experimentally set at a laboratory plant. These parameters will enable to secure the desired groundwater quality for its use in the autonomous drinking water supply system. A technique and a plant for groundwater treatment with 5 m3/hour for an autonomous drinking water supply system has been developed.

Integrated risk assessment and screening analysis of drinking water safety of a conventional water supply system

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sun ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
Q. Tong ◽  
S. Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Screening Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water Safety

Management of drinking water safety is changing towards an integrated risk assessment and risk management approach that includes all processes in a water supply system from catchment to consumers. However, given the large number of water supply systems in China and the cost of implementing such a risk assessment procedure, there is a necessity to first conduct a strategic screening analysis at a national level. An integrated methodology of risk assessment and screening analysis is thus proposed to evaluate drinking water safety of a conventional water supply system. The violation probability, indicating drinking water safety, is estimated at different locations of a water supply system in terms of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, turbidity, residual chlorine and trihalomethanes. Critical parameters with respect to drinking water safety are then identified, based on which an index system is developed to prioritize conventional water supply systems in implementing a detailed risk assessment procedure. The evaluation results are represented as graphic check matrices for the concerned hazards in drinking water, from which the vulnerability of a conventional water supply system is characterized.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN DECENTRALIZATION ERA

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Wasifah Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to analyze the system of drinking water management in the decentralization era and to to analyze of the difference of community accessibility to drinking water between before and after the era of decentralization. The analytical method used is descriptive method, which is analyzing the implementation of drinking water supply systems (DWSS) in the decentralization era and average difference test to determine the development of community accessibility to drinking water before and after decentralization era. The result shows that decentralization provides a positive development towards the implementation of the drinking water supply system, namely by increasing the number of districts/cities that have DWSS planning documents but statistically the decentralization era did not increase the growth of drinking water coverage.

scholarly journals Water Safety Plan for drinking water risk management: the case study of Mortara (Pavia, Italy)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Michela Biasibetti ◽  
Alessandro Abbà ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Silvestro Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

The Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach is an iterative method focused on analyzing the risks of water contamination in a drinking water supply system, from catchment to consumer, in order to protect human health. This approach is aimed at identifying and drastically reducing water contamination in the entire drinking water system, through the identification and mitigation or, if possible, elimination of all factors that may cause a chemical, physical, microbiological and radiological risk for water. This study developed a proposal of WSP for the drinking water supply system (DWSS) of Mortara, Italy, in order to understand which are the preliminary evaluation aspects to be considered in the elaboration of a WSP. The DWSS of Mortara (a town of 15,500 inhabitants, located in northern Italy) consists of three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), considering the following main contaminants: arsenic, iron, manganese and ammonia. Potential hazardous events and associated hazards were identified in each part of the water supply system. The risk assessment was carried out following the semi‑quantitative approach. The WSP proposal for Mortara was very useful not only as a risk mitigation approach, but also as a cost-effective tool for water suppliers. Furthermore, this approach will reduce public health risk, ensure a better compliance of water quality parameters with regulatory requirements, increase confidence of consumers and municipal authorities, and improve resource management due to intervention planning. Further, some new control measures are proposed by the WSP team within this work.

scholarly journals A Review on People’s Participation for Sustainable Rural Water Supply Systems with Special Reference to Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Khet Raj Dahal ◽  
Narbikram Thapa ◽  
Raju Shiwakoti
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Local Body

This study was carried out during the period from March to August 2018. Published literatures and some unpublished data were collected from different sources and analyzed. It was found that the community people do not have good understanding and adequate participation on the sustainability of water supply systems. They only have interests in the regular flow in taps. They are also less aware in the regular repair and maintenance of water supply systems. Furthermore, the expectation of community is always financial support from local body and donor agency. The governance part of water user’s committee was also found unsatisfactory. Thus, the people should be provided with capacity development trainings for the sustainable development of community water supply system. similarly, implementation of water safety plan, and regular monitoring from local body are crucial activities that should be given high emphasis for the sustainability of rural water supply system.

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