Institutional Analysis of Drinking Water Supply System in East Nusa Tenggara Province

The regulatory mandate states that the implementation of SPAM in the regions is prioritized for BUMD as the SPAM manager. If SPAM services are not reached by BUMD, then the implementation of SPAM remains the responsibility of the Central Government or Regional Governments may form a Technical Implementation Unit or Service Technical Implementation Unit to serve areas or areas that have not been reached by these services but can also be implemented by Community Groups and Business Entities to meet their own needs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the implementation of SPAM in NTT Province with the perspective of Good Corporate Governance. The research method used is literature review by utilizing relevant journals, books, media also laws and regulations. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of SPAM 2020 is mostly carried out by PDAM (15 districts/cities from 22 districts/cities in NTT), the remaining 7 districts are still in the form of UPTD BLUD and UPTD. Institutions are important to ensure that drinking water services to the community can be served properly, and ensure the functioning of SPAM, both funded by the APBN and APBD.

Disaster Mitigation of Dry and Clean Water Crisis in Dana Sub-District Watopute District Muna Regency

In the Southeast Sulawesi region, the area most frequently experiencing drought and clean water crises is Dana Sub-District, Watopute District, Muna Regency. This disaster was caused by physical and social factors. This study aims to describe the mitigation efforts of drought and clean water crisis in the Dana Sub-District, Watopute District. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The population in this study were all the heads of families in Dana Sub-District, totaling 604 people. The sample in this study was selected using simple random sampling technique where the sample was randomly selected as much as 10% of the total population, so the sample in this study was 60 people. The results showed that the drought and water crisis in the Dana Sub-District, Watopute District occurred due to climate change and geomorphological conditions of the area as well as the lack of cooperation in the community in paying water bills. The peak of drought and clean water crisis in this region often occurs from July to November. To overcome this, various efforts have been made by the community, for example taking water from rivers and springs, buying clean water, and collecting water in storage tanks. Furthermore, the local government has also issued several policies, namely the development of the District Capital City Drinking Water Supply System and procurement of water pumps from springs, but according to the local community these government policies have not been effective. Furthermore, water dropping is also not maximally done because the community is less cooperative in paying water bills.

Investigating the implementation of Indonesian regulation in drinking water supply system

Drinking water is an aspect of development that has an essential function in supporting community welfare because it relates to health, social and economic conditions. Therefore, the urban water system needs good planning, design, and operational infrastructure. This paper aims to identify actors and their roles in the drinking water supply system in Indonesia. Analysis was carried out on laws and regulations related to drinking water through content analysis. The results showed that government capacity in building and administering drinking water supply system was still lacking. In addition, the government shared the responsibilities to enterprises, both owned by the government and by private institutions. Finally, it is necessary to equip and expand laws and regulations to provide drinking water distribution. The critical implication to stop the massive exploitation of groundwater for consumption includes the improvement of drinking water reliability by synergizing and integrating all attempts by various actors in providing drinking water.

Characteristics of raw water sources and analysis of the optimal model of the mixing process with parameter design in clean water pump installations

The quality characteristics of raw water sources in the regional integrated drinking water supply system (SPAM) of Banjarbakula were investigated and found to maintain the supply of drinking water quantity and quality in accordance with drinking water standards. The optimum model for the mixing process of raw water and poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and pump stroke for the input of water sources from rivers to obtain a composition setting that is in accordance with the raw water sources of each region in the region was selected and determined. So the optimum parameter setting model between alum water, raw water and pump stroke for each raw water source is known and is regionally integrated as a result of a comprehensive study. The integration of Taguchi parameter design and response surface can complement each other and become two methods that go hand in hand in the process of optimizing clean water products. Parameter design provides a very practical optimization step, the basis for this formation refers to the factorial fractional experimental design. However, the absence of statistical assumptions that follow the stages of analysis makes this method widely chosen by researchers and practitioners. With the experimental design of the raw water mixing process, turbidity such as 5 lt/sec, 10 lt/sec, 15 lt/sec, 20 lt/sec and 25 lt/sec and % PAC concentration 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm with a pump installation stroke of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % were used. In the process of adding PAC, always pay attention and observe the behavior of the attractive force of the floating particles (flock). The particles were then subjected to SEM (scanning electron microscopy) to determine the dimensions of the flock grains deposited

Contribution des Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) à l’analyse de l’approvisionnement en Eau Potable dans la Commune de Kétou au Sud du Benin

Cette étude aborde le problème de l’approvisionnement en eau potable dans la Commune de Kétou au Sud du Bénin. L’objectif poursuivi était d’évaluer la distribution spatiale des ouvrages d’approvisionnement en eau potable et la satisfaction des populations de la Commune de Kétou par rapport à la demande en eau potable. La distribution spatiale, l’accessibilité et la surexploitation des ouvrages d’approvisionnement en eau potable fonctionnels ont été évalués grâce à la cartographie thématique et l’analyse spatiale. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les infrastructures sont inégalement réparties sur le territoire de la Commune. L’arrondissement d’Adakplamè est le moins desservi en ouvrages hydrauliques tandis que l’arrondissement de Kpankou présente le plus grand nombre d’ouvrages. Plus de 30% des ouvrages disponibles sont en panne, ce qui crée une surexploitation des points d’eau fonctionnels. L’accessibilité aux différents ouvrages est acceptable seulement dans les arrondissements au Sud de la Commune. Les ouvrages fonctionnels sont surchargés par rapport aux normes de desserte en fonction du type d’ouvrage. Au vu de ces constats, il s’avèrenécessaire de prévoir la réalisation de nouveaux ouvrages et de procéder à la réparation de certaines infrastructures en panne afin de faire face aux demandes croissantes en eau potable dans la Commune.Mots clés : Distribution spatiale, ouvrages hydrauliques, inégale répartition, Kétou, département du plateau. English Title: Contribution of GIS in the diagnosis of the drinking water supply system in the town of Kétou in south BeninThis study addresses the problem of drinking water supply in the Municipality of Kétou in southern Benin. The objective was to assess the spatial distribution of drinking water supply structures and the satisfaction of the populations of the Municipality of Kétou in relation to the demand for drinking water. The spatial distribution, accessibility and overload of the functional drinking water supply structures were assessed using an approach based on thematic mapping and spatial analysis. The results obtained indicate that theinfrastructures are unevenly distributed over the territory of the Municipality of Kétou. The district of Adakplamè is the least concentrated in hydraulic works while the district of Kpankou presents the greatest number of works. Accessibility as a function of the time required to reach the various structures is acceptable only in the districts to the south of the Commune. Functional structures are overloaded compared to service standards depending on the type of structure. In view of these findings, it is necessary to plan for theconstruction of new structures and to repair certain broken down infrastructures in order to cope with the increasing demands for drinking water in the Municipality. Keywords: Spatial distribution, hydraulic works, unequal distribution, Kétou, plateau department.

Evaluasi Hidrolis Jaringan Distribusi Air Minum Sistem Beber PDAM Tirta Jati Kabupaten Cirebon

ABSTRACT Water loss is a severe problem in the drinking water supply system as it disrupts the continuity of the drinking water supply. The Water loss is a severe problem in the drinking water supply system as it disrupts the continuity of the drinking water supply. The largest proportion of water losses is usually found in distribution systems. This study was located in the Beber water supply system, PDAM Tirta Jati Cirebon Regency. The study aimed to evaluate the hydraulic condition and give improvement recommendations for the Beber piping network system distribution. This research performed the International Water Association (IWA) water balance concept through water production and water usage data. Furthermore, the hydraulic condition is evaluated using water usage, ground-level elevation, water usage pattern, and the existing distribution network's technical data. The evaluation was conducted by simulation using EPANET 2.0 from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which then compared to the design criteria listed in Permen PUPR No. 27 2016. The results show a 44.38% percentage of water loss due to a pipe leak. Simulation results showed a segment of pipe having velocity less than 0.3 m/s (43.31%), and all nodes had pressure below 12.4 MPa. The simulation results also showed some nodes had pressure greater than 100 mKa and exceeded the HDPE SDR 17 pipe's maximum capacity. This condition causes many pipe leaks that occur in the system, so it is recommended to install a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) and change of pipe diameter. The study also suggests establishing a District Meter Area (DMA) to detect pipe leak points. Keywords: water loss, distribution network, pipe leakage, DMA, EPANET 2.0. ABSTRAK Kehilangan air merupakan masalah serius dalam Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) karena mengganggu kontinuitas penyediaan air minum. Kehilangan air terbesar biasanya ditemui pada sistem distribusi termasuk pada SPAM Beber milik PDAM Tirta Jati Kabupaten Cirebon. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi hidrolis dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan pada sistem jaringan perpipaan distribusi SPAM Beber. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan konsep neraca air sesuai standar International Water Association (IWA) dengan menggunakan data debit produksi dan pemakaian air. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi hidrolis jaringan menggunakan data pemakaian air, elevasi muka tanah, pola pemakaian air, serta data teknis jaringan distribusi eksisting. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membuat simulasi hidrolis menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 dari Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan kriteria desain yang tercantum dalam Permen PUPR No. 27 Tahun 2016. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan persentase kehilangan air mencapai 44,38% akibat kebocoran pipa. Hasil simulasi hidrolis menunjukkan, terdapat segmen pipa yang memiliki kecepatan aliran kurang dari 0,3 m/detik (43,31%) dan seluruh nodes memiliki sisa tekan dibawah 12,4 MPa. Hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan terdapat nodes yang memiliki sisa tekan sebesar 100 mKa dan melebihi kapasitas maksimum dari pipa HDPE SDR 17. Kondisi ini menjadi salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kebocoran pipa yang terjadi pada sistem, sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan dengan pemasangan PRV dan pergantian diameter pipa. Penataan District Meter Area (DMA) juga dapat dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk mempermudah pendeteksian titik kebocoran pipa. Kata Kunci : kehilangan air, jaringan distribusi, kebocoran pipa, DMA, EPANET 2.0.

Sustainability characteristics of drinking water supply in the Netherlands

Developments such as climate change and a growing demand for drinking water threaten the sustainability of drinking water supply worldwide. To deal with this threat, adaptation of drinking water supply systems is imperative, not only on a global and national scale but particularly on a local scale. This investigation sought to establish characteristics that describe the sustainability of local drinking water supply. The hypothesis of this research was that sustainability characteristics depend on the context that is analysed, and therefore, a variety of cases must be analysed to reach a better understanding of the sustainability of drinking water supply in the Netherlands. Therefore, three divergent cases on drinking water supply in the Netherlands were analysed. One case related to a short-term development (2018 summer drought), and two concerned long-term phenomena (changes in water quality and growth in drinking water demand). We used an integrated systems approach, describing the local drinking water supply system in terms of hydrological, technical, and socio-economic characteristics that determine the sustainability of a local drinking water supply system. To gain a perspective on the case study findings that are broader than the Dutch context, the sustainability aspects identified were paired with global aspects concerning sustainable drinking water supply. This resulted in the following set of hydrological, technical, and socio-economic sustainability characteristics: (1) water quality, water resource availability, and impact of drinking water abstraction; (2) reliability and resilience of the technical system and energy use and environmental impact; (3) drinking water availability, water governance, and land and water use. Elaboration of these sustainability characteristics and criteria into a sustainability assessment can provide information on the challenges and trade-offs inherent in the sustainable development and management of a local drinking water supply system.