scholarly journals Distribution of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in British hospitals

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Brazier ◽  
B Patel ◽  
A Pearson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South East England ◽  
Pcr Ribotype 027

An outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection in Stoke Mandeville hospital in south-east England [1] in 2004/2005 was primarily due to a new and possibly more virulent strain known in the United Kingdom (UK) as PCR ribotype 027. Coinciding with this outbreak, a surveillance programme of C. difficile isolates from symptomatic patients in England with additional results of outbreak investigation requests to the Anaerobe Reference Laboratory (ARL) in Cardiff has established the true extent of its spread throughout British hospitals.

scholarly journals The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Denmark – a possible link with the increased consumption of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins?

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Søes ◽  
K Mølbak ◽  
S Strøbæk ◽  
K Truberg Jensen ◽  
M Torpdahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Pcr Ribotype 027 ◽  
Specific Contribution

Increasing rates of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with an unusual, severe course have been reported in several countries; this rise has partly been ascribed to the emergence of a virulent strain, C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 (CD027). An intriguing question is whether this could be related to increasing consumption of broadspectrum antibiotics. From 1997 to 2007, the number of hospital discharges in Denmark with the diagnosis enterocolitis caused by C. difficile increased from eight to 23 per 100,000 hospital discharges. This increase was proportional to a concomitant rise in the consumption of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. The first outbreak of CD027 in Denmark occurred from October 2006 to August 2007 and included 13 patients, most of them elderly, admitted to three hospitals in the same region. Most of the patients had overlapping periods of admission. All patients had been treated with broadspectrum antibiotics, in particular cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, prior to positive culture of CD027. Thirty days after confirmation of diagnosis, three of the 13 patients had died. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that the increasing use of certain broadspectrum antibiotics may be related to a possible increase of C. difficile infection, and show that the specific contribution by CD027 in its emergence needs to be determined.

scholarly journals Update of Clostridium difficile infection due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe, 2008

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Kuijper ◽  
F Barbut ◽  
J S Brazier ◽  
N Kleinkauf ◽  
T Eckmanns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
High Relapse Rate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pcr Ribotype 027 ◽  
Highly Virulent

Outbreaks of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) with increased severity, high relapse rate and significant mortality have been related to the emergence of a new, hypervirulent C. difficile strain in North America and Europe. This emerging strain is referred to as PCR ribotype 027 (Type 027). Since 2005, individual countries have developed surveillance studies about the spread of type 027. C. difficile Type 027 has been reported in 16 European countries. It has been responsible for outbreaks in Belgium, Germany, Finland, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland). It has also been detected in Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, Poland and Spain. Three countries experienced imported patients with CDI due to Type 027 who acquired the infection abroad. The antimicrobial resistance pattern is changing, and outbreaks due to clindamycin-resistant ermB positive Type 027 strains have occurred in three European countries. Ongoing epidemiological surveillance of cases of CDI, with periodic characterisation of the strains involved, is required to detect clustering of cases in time and space and to monitor the emergence of new, highly virulent clones.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children due to hypervirulent strains PCR-ribotype 027: An emblematic report of two cases

Anaerobe ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Spigaglia ◽  
Fabrizio Barbanti ◽  
Elio Castagnola ◽  
Roberto Bandettini
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
Pcr Ribotype 027

scholarly journals Isolation of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027, toxinotype III in the Netherlands after increase in C. difficile-associated diarrhoea

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
J van Steenbergen ◽  
S Debast ◽  
E van Kregten ◽  
R van den Berg ◽  
D W Notermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
North America ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
The United Kingdom

Clostridium difficile ribotype 027, toxinotype III, which has caused outbreaks in North America and has recently been reported in the United Kingdom, has been detected in the Netherlands

scholarly journals Decrease of hypervirulent Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Hensgens ◽  
A Goorhuis ◽  
D W Notermans ◽  
B H van Benthem ◽  
E J Kuijper
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Pcr Ribotype 027

After the first outbreaks of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 (North American pulsed-field type 1, restriction endonuclease analysis group BI) in the Netherlands in 2005, a national surveillance programme for C. difficile infection (CDI) was started. Furthermore, national guidelines were developed to rapidly recognise type 027 infections and prevent further spread. The mean incidence of CDI measured in 14 hospitals remained stable throughout the years: an incidence of 18 per 10,000 admissions was seen in 2007 and 2008. Between April 2005 and June 2009 a total of 2,788 samples were available for PCR ribotyping. A decrease was seen in the number and incidence of type 027 after the second half of 2006. In the first half of 2009, the percentage of type 027 isolates among all CDI decreased to 3.0%, whereas type 001 increased to 27.5%. Type 014 was present in 9.3% of the isolates and C. difficile type 078 slightly increased to 9.1%. We conclude that currently there is a significant decrease in type 027-associated CDI in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals First isolation and report of clusters of Clostridium difficile PCR 027 cases in Ireland

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Long ◽  
L Fenelon ◽  
S Fitzgerald ◽  
N Nolan ◽  
K Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
The United Kingdom

We report the first documentation of C. difficile 027 in Ireland from a patient with diarrhoea transferred from a hospital in the United Kingdom (UK). In addition, we report two clusters of C. difficile ribotype 027 in two hospitals in Ireland.

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