scholarly journals Narrative overview on wild bird migration in the context of highly pathogenic avian influenza incursion into the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonas Waldenström ◽  
Thijs Kuiken ◽  
Michelle Wille ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

The first 2010 Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-166
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Mahieu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

The recent Romanian outbreak of subtype H5N1 of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, the first detected case of H5N1 avian influenza in Europe in 2010, has reinvigorated the debate concerning risks related to the spread of avian influenza in the European Union.

scholarly journals Transatlantic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wild birds from Europe to North America in 2021

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Caliendo ◽  
Nicola S Lewis ◽  
Anne Pohlmann ◽  
Jonas Waldenstrom ◽  
Marielle van Toor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza H5n1 ◽  
H5n1 Hpai

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage (GsGd), which threaten the health of poultry, wildlife and humans, are spreading across Asia, Europe and Africa, but are currently absent from Oceania and the Americas. In December 2021, H5N1 HPAI viruses were detected in poultry and a free-living gull in St. John, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses were most closely related to HPAI GsGd viruses circulating in northwestern Europe in spring 2021. Analysis of wild bird migration suggested that these viruses may have been carried across the Atlantic via Iceland, Greenland/Arctic or pelagic routes. The here documented incursion of HPAI GsGd viruses into North America raises concern for further virus spread across the Americas by wild bird migration.

scholarly journals Lack of virological and serological evidence for continued circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in wild birds in the Netherlands, 14 November 2014 to 31 January 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein J Poen ◽  
Josanne H Verhagen ◽  
Ruth J Manvell ◽  
Ian Brown ◽  
Theo M Bestebroer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n8 Virus

In 2014, H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage emerged in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Europe and North America. Here, wild birds were extensively investigated in the Netherlands for HPAI H5N8 virus (real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the matrix and H5 gene) and antibody detection (haemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralisation assays) before, during and after the first virus detection in Europe in late 2014. Between 21 February 2015 and 31 January 2016, 7,337 bird samples were tested for the virus. One HPAI H5N8 virus-infected Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) sampled on 25 February 2015 was detected. Serological assays were performed on 1,443 samples, including 149 collected between 2007 and 2013, 945 between 14 November 2014 and 13 May 2015, and 349 between 1 September and 31 December 2015. Antibodies specific for HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4 were absent in wild bird sera obtained before 2014 and present in sera collected during and after the HPAI H5N8 emergence in Europe, with antibody incidence declining after the 2014/15 winter. Our results indicate that the HPAI H5N8 virus has not continued to circulate extensively in wild bird populations since the 2014/15 winter and that independent maintenance of the virus in these populations appears unlikely.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of subtype H5N1 isolated from wild birds and mammals in northern Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Weber ◽  
Timm Harder ◽  
Elke Starick ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
Ortrud Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n1 Isolate ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

Analysis of the full-length sequences of all eight segments of the German wild-bird H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus index isolate, A/Cygnus cygnus/Germany/R65/2006, and an H5N1 isolate from a cat (A/cat/Germany/R606/2006) obtained during an outbreak in February 2006 revealed a very high similarity between these two sequences. One amino acid substitution in the PA gene, encoding a protein involved in virus RNA replication, and one amino acid substitution in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein were observed. Phylogenetic analyses of the HA and neuraminidase nucleotide sequences showed that avian influenza H5N1 isolates from the Astrakhan region located in southern Russia were the closest relatives. Reassortment events could be excluded in comparison with other ‘Qinghai-like’ H5N1 viruses. In addition, an H5N1 isolate originating from a single outbreak in poultry in Germany was found to be related closely to the H5N1 viruses circulating at that time in the wild-bird population.

scholarly journals Wild bird surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 in North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Flint ◽  
John M. Pearce ◽  
J. Christian Franson ◽  
Dirk V. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Local amplification of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses in wild birds in the Netherlands, 2016 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein J. Poen ◽  
Theo M. Bestebroer ◽  
Oanh Vuong ◽  
Rachel D. Scheuer ◽  
Henk P. van der Jeugd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Bird Mortality

Introduction Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were re-introduced into the Netherlands by late 2016, after detections in south-east Asia and Russia. This second H5N8 wave resulted in a large number of outbreaks in poultry farms and the deaths of large numbers of wild birds in multiple European countries. Methods: Here we report on the detection of HPAI H5N8 virus in 57 wild birds of 12 species sampled during active (32/5,167) and passive (25/36) surveillance activities, i.e. in healthy and dead animals respectively, in the Netherlands between 8 November 2016 and 31 March 2017. Moreover, we further investigate the experimental approach of wild bird serology as a contributing tool in HPAI outbreak investigations. Results: In contrast to the first H5N8 wave, local virus amplification with associated wild bird mortality has occurred in the Netherlands in 2016/17, with evidence for occasional gene exchange with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. Discussion: These apparent differences between outbreaks and the continuing detections of HPAI viruses in Europe are a cause of concern. With the current circulation of zoonotic HPAI and LPAI virus strains in Asia, increased understanding of the drivers responsible for the global spread of Asian poultry viruses via wild birds is needed.

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