scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KINERJA DIGESTER BIOGAS RUMAH TANGGA TIPE FLOATING TANK DENGAN SUBSTRAT KOTORAN SAPI

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Denny Sanjaya Irawan ◽  
Siti Suharyatun ◽  
Winda Rahmawati ◽  
Mareli Telaumbanua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Digester biogas rumah tangga berpotensi menyediakan bahan bakar terbarukan pengganti LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang-bangun dan menguji kinerja digester biogas rumah tangga tipe tangki mengapung (floating tank) dengan substrat kotoran sapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat digester biogas tipe floating tank menggunakan sumur dangkal dari pasangan bata semen yang diplester (diameter-dalam 139 cm, kedalaman efektif 140 cm) sebagai digester dan tangki air kapasitas 2000 l sebagai penampung biogas. Ukuran digester didasarkan pada kebutuhan biogas untuk keperluan memasak rumah tangga dan potensi kotoran empat ekor sapi. Kinerja digester dievaluasi dari produksi biogas, komposisi biogas, dan kemampuan digester dalam mendekomposisi substrat yang dinilai dari penurunan kandungan padatan tak stabil (volatile solid, VS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu lingkungan rata-rata antara 26,97 ℃ (pagi) dan 31,97 ℃ (sore) digester bekerja pada pH rata-rata 7,7 dengan dekomposisi VS mencapai 56,3%. Dengan laju pengumpanan kotoran sapi cair 60 l/hari, produksi biogas dapat mencapai 1.300 l/hari dan produktivitas biogas mencapai 634,6 l/m3 volume aktif digester. Biogas yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas medium dengan kandungan metana (CH4) mencapai 50,28% dan nilai kalori 18,01 MJ/Nm3. Lumpur digestat berpotensi sebagai pupuk organik dengan kandungan hara N 4,55%; P 2,16%; dan K 3,89%.  Salah satu keunggulan yang sangat menonjol dari digester floating tank adalah desain yang sederhana, biaya terjangkau, dan diperkirakan akan awet, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai model untuk dikembangkan dan diadopsi.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF GAS ENGINE, CONVERTED ON THE BASIS OF DIESELS D-120 OR D-144 ENGINES TO WORK FOR ON LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Serhii Kovalov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Dynamic Cycle

The expediency of using vehicles of liquefied petroleum gas as a motor fuel, as com-pared with traditional liquid motor fuels, in particular with diesel fuel, is shown. The advantages of converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition with respect to conversion into gas diesel engines are substantiated. The analysis of methods for reducing the compression ratio in diesel engines when converting them into gas ICEs with forced ignition has been carried out. It is shown that for converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition, it is advisable to use the Otto thermo-dynamic cycle with a decrease in the geometric degree of compression. The choice is grounded and an open combustion chamber in the form of an inverted axisymmetric “truncated cone” is developed. The proposed shape of the combustion chamber of a gas internal combustion engine for operation in the LPG reduces the geometric compression ratio of D-120 and D-144 diesel engines with an unseparated spherical combustion chamber, which reduces the geometric compression ratio from ε = 16,5 to ε = 9,4. The developed form of the combustion chamber allows the new diesel pistons or diesel pistons which are in operation to be in operation to be refined, instead of making special new gas pistons and to reduce the geometric compression ratio of diesel engines only by increasing the combustion chamber volume in the piston. This method of reducing the geometric degree of compression using conventional lathes is the most technologically advanced and cheap, as well as the least time consuming. Keywords: self-propelled chassis SSh-2540, wheeled tractors, diesel engines D-120 and D-144, gas engine with forced ignition, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compression ratio of the internal com-bustion engine, vehicles operating in the LPG.

Analysis of LPG diffusion flame in tube type burner

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5278-5293
Author(s):  
Vipul Patel ◽  
Rupesh Shah
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Emission Characteristic ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Length Fraction ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Stability Limits ◽  
Co Emission

The present research aims to analyse diffusion flame in a tube type burner with Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel. An experimental investigation is performed to study flame appearance, flame stability, Soot free length fraction (SFLF) and CO emission of LPG diffusion flame. Effects of varying air and fuel velocities are analysed to understand the physical process involved in combustion. SFLF is measured to estimate the reduction of soot. Stability limits of the diffusion flame are characterized by the blowoff velocity. Emission characteristic in terms of CO level is measured at different equivalence ratios. Experimental results show that the air and fuel velocity strongly influences the appearance of LPG diffusion flame. At a constant fuel velocity, blue zone increases and the luminous zone decreases with the increase in air velocity. It is observed that the SFLF increases with increasing air velocity at a constant fuel velocity. It is observed that the blowoff velocity of the diffusion flame increases as fuel velocity increases. Comparison of emission for flame with and without swirl indicates that swirl results in low emission of CO and higher flame stability. Swirler with 45° vanes achieved the lowest CO emission of 30 ppm at Φ = 1.3.

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