Selection of the Transport Mode Using the AHP Method Within Distribution Logistics of Motor Fuels

To remain competitive and respond to rapidly changing markets, we need to increase flexibility in today's global marketplace. In this respect, the selection of the appropriate mode of transport is one of the most important functions to be performed by logistics. The selection of the appropriate mode of transport is a multi-criteria problem involving both quantitative and qualitative criteria. This paper deals with the selection of the mode of transport using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method (AHP). AHP is a method of decomposing a complex unstructured situation into simpler components to create a hierarchical system problem. This paper describes a general model of selection of transport mode using AHP including its application to a manufacturing company that selects the appropriate mode of transport from three potential transport modes. The aim of this paper is to create a useful decision support tool for selection of the transport mode using the AHP method within distribution logistics of motor fuels. This tool helps companies to make the right decision on the choice of transport mode by taking into account different importance of the different criteria that influence the decision-making process.

Chemical Recovery Processes of CO2

Existing (production of urea, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate) and promising (production of methanol, synthesis gas, monomers dedicated to synthesis of polyurethanes and polycarbonate) chemical technologies which any, time soon, may become CO2 based economy for producing motor fuels and basic chemicals have been overviewed. Based on estimates of CO2 removals in these processes, it has been concluded that there is a potential for developing technologies to produce methanol from CO2 to a competitive cost of the target product. It is expected that interest in this process will decrease if stable carbon dioxide conversion catalysts for methane are introduced into the market.

Thermocracking of a heavy fraction of the oil residue in a mixture with shale

The process of tar thermal cracking in a mixture with crushed oil shale to obtain components of motor fuels and raw materials for the process of thermal cracking is investigated in this paper. The optimization results of technological parameters (shale concentration, temperature, and duration) are presented and the material balance (mass.%) of the process is made. It was found that during single-stage processing under relatively mild conditions (5 MPa, 425C, feed space velocity of 1.0 h-1), a deep destruction of tar is achieved (the yield of the gasoline fraction from boiling point to 200C is ~12 wt.%; medium distillates with boil. point 200370C-43-44 mass.%; raw materials for thermal cracking with boil. point above 370C ~15-16 wt.% on per the original tar). The generating coke-like products and the V and Ni contained in the raw materials are deposited on the mineral part of the shale and removed from the reaction zone with the liquid products of the process.

Sustainable Performances of Small to Medium-Sized Airports in the Adriatic Region

The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the greenhouse gas savings and economic benefits associated with sustainable water and energy management at six small-to-medium airports in the Adriatic region. All the data were provided by the airport authorities in terms of the consumption of water, electricity, and energy for heating and company-operated vehicles for three years (2016–2018), as well as information about good practices and the sustainable use of water and energy resources. For the water and energy benchmarks, the most plausible predictive variables were selected according to the literature relevant to the environmental benchmarking of airports. The stepwise linear regression method was used to select the most significant predictive variables in explaining the dataset. The airports showed positive steps towards sustainability, such as a higher share of natural gas in the mix of fuel used for heating, and a green electricity tariff. The CO2 emissions and budget related to motor fuels were less than a quarter of the emissions and budget for energy consumption for heating and electricity. To achieve the goal of zero-emission airports, the decarbonisation of motor fuels and transport should follow the actions aimed at increasing energy efficiency and clean energy for heating and electricity.

Obtaining a diesel fuel component from liquid products of oxidative pyrolysis of wood

Recycling and rational use of wood-processing industry waste is an urgent task for the economy and industry. On the basis of experimental studies on the oxidative pyrolysis of Siberian pine and Downy birch, a basic technological scheme for components of motor fuels obtaining is proposed. It is shown that the main components of liquid products of wood pyrolysis in water vapor are aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons, as well as oxygen-containing compounds that need to be hydrogenated.

ASSESSMENT OF THE MICROORGANISMS POTENTIAL FOR BIODESTRUCTION OF MOTOR FUELS WITH DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS

The transport industry is characterized by a significant impact on the environment by waste from its activities, including motor fuels. The most common pollutants in soils and water bodies, especially urban ones, are hydrocarbons, especially toxic aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of these toxicants degrades the environment and adversely affects the life and health of living organisms. Therefore, the characterization of the impact of motor fuels on the activity of microorganisms with biodestructive potential is important for the controlled disposal of waste transport infrastructure. The article considers the possibility of using different microorganisms to clean soils and reservoirs from contamination by motor fuels with different characteristics by biodegradation. The biodestructive potential of environmentally friendly microorganisms and recovery procedures in case of industrial pollution of petroleum products have also been studied.