Vegetable and Fruit Waste Production Related to Consumption in Turkey and Certain Middle East Countries

: Nowadays, due to the incidence of specific strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also increase the rate of drug resistant-TB mortality rate has elevated by this disease. Identification of common strains in the region as well as sources of transmission are essential to control the disease that this has been possible by using molecular epidemiology. In this survey, studies which have been carried out based on spoligotyping method in Muslim Middle East countries were considered to determine their role in control of TB. All studies conducted from 2005 to June 2016 were considered systematically in three electronic data bases and finally, 23 studies were selected. The average rate of clustering was 84% and the rate of recent transmission was variable from 21.7% to 92.4%. Incidence of Beijing strains was been rising in the considered countries. In Iran and Saudi Arabia which are immigration and labour-hosting countries, respectively, rapid transmittable strains and drug resistant Beijings were higher than other considered countries. Considering the incidence of highly virulent strains, due to the increase of immigration and people infected with HIV, tuberculosis, especially drug resistant form, the lack of close monitoring in the future will be induce trouble.

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Assessing the performance of the public sector in North African and Middle East countries

International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management ◽

10.1504/ijpspm.2017.085667 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 279

Author(s):

Abdelwalid Rouag ◽

Jan Stejskal

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Middle East ◽

North African ◽

The Public ◽

Middle East Countries

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Investigating the effects of environmental patents and climate change mitigation technologies on sustainable economic growth in the Middle East

International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies ◽

10.1093/ijlct/ctab007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sadegh Abedi ◽

Mehrnaz Moeenian

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Middle East ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Middle East Countries ◽

Sustainable Economic Growth ◽

Change Mitigation

Abstract Sustainable economic growth and identifying factors affecting it are among the important issues which have always received attention from researchers of different countries. Accordingly, one of the factors affecting economic growth, which has received attention from researchers in the developed countries over recent years, is the issue of environmental technologies that enter the economic cycle of other countries after being patented through technology transfer. The current research investigated the role of the environment-related patents and the effects of the patented technological innovations compatible with climate change mitigation on the economic growth and development in the Middle East countries within a specific time period. The required data were gathered from the valid global databases, including Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Bank and have been analyzed using multi-linear regression methods and econometric models with Eviews 10 software. The obtained results with 95% confidence level show that the environmental patents (β = 0.02) and environment management (β = 0.04) and technologies related to the climate change mitigation (β = 0.02) have a significant positive impact on the sustainable economic development and growth rate in the studied countries. Such a study helps innovators and policymakers in policy decisions related to sustainable development programs from the perspective of environmentally friendly technologies by demonstrating the role of patents in three important environmental areas, namely environmental management, water-related adaptation and climate change mitigation, as one of the factors influencing sustainable economic growth.

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