Analisis Keefektifan Ekoenzim sebagai Pembersih Kandang Ayam dari Limbah Buah Jeruk (Citrus sp.)

Sanitation of the cage usually requires a sanitizer containing a powerful cleaning fluid to sterilize the cage. Materials commonly used for cage sanitation are detergent or disinfectants used to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms that cause bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. Eco enzyme is an alternative natural cleaning agent derived from fresh fruit waste through fermentation. This study aimed to make eco enzymes for cleaning chicken coops from citrus waste, characterize the microbiological eco enzymes, and test the effectiveness of eco enzymes as chicken coop cleaners. Eco enzymes from fresh citrus waste after a 3-month fermentation period contained bacteria and fungi of 1.9 x 106CFU/ml and 8.5 x 105CFU/ml, respectively, with a pH of 3.39±0.023. The eco enzyme of cage cleaning fluid from citrus waste (Citrus sp.) can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through confrontation tests in the laboratory. Testing the effectiveness of eco enzymes in chicken coops can reduce the number of bacteria five times more than detergents for the same area.

Influence of Vegetable and Fruit Wastes Vermicompost on the Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Background: Composting is the process of breaking down of organic matter using living organisms which can be used as manure for soil conditioning. Vermicomposting is the rapid decomposition of biowastes using earthworm species which will enhance the growth and yield of plants. Methods: The vermicomposting of vegetable and fruit wastes was carried out during summer season (May-July) and by using the vermicompost a pot culture experiment was conducted in black gram for three months from August to October, 2019. The treatments consist of combinations of vermicomposted wastes and cowdung along with bioinoculants, Soil served as control. The biometric parameters such as root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight on 15, 35, 55 DAS and yield characters like number of pods/plants, number of seeds/pods, pod length, weight of seed/pod, pod fresh weight and pod dry weight were recorded and statistically analysed. The present study has been attempted to convert the vegetables and fruit waste into compost as manure and analyse its effect on vegetative growth and yield parameters of Black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Result: The highest value of shoot length, root length, fresh weigh and dry weight were noted in fruit waste + cow dung + Pleurotus eous (APK1) + Trichoderma asperelloides + Eudrilus eugeniae on 15, 35 and 55 day after sowing (DAS) and the least was reported in control (only soil). The application of T8 treatment reported the highest yield characters which were followed by other treatments and control on 15, 35 and 55 DAS. The study concluded that T8 (F.W + cow dung + P. eous + T. asperelloides + Eudrilus eugeniae) is an effective biocompost for the growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) which is eco-friendly.

Bromatological characterization of fruit waste

In Colombia, a high amount of fruit waste is currently generated. These causes a negative environmental impact due to its high organic load. However, this type of waste has compounds in its structure that can be used in order to reduce the environmental impact and to obtain added value. The main of this study was to characterize bromatologically sixteen residues of fruit processing in Colombia, in order to propose a possible use in the food industry. The bromatological characterization of the waste was carried out by means of the quantification of dry matter (ASTM E1756-08), ash (ASTM E1755-01), proteins (Kjeldahl method), crude fats (AOAC Official Method), total dietary fiber (AOAC 993.21) and carbohydrates. It was found that grape and soursop seeds, lulo peel and tree tomato stem presents the highest total dietary fiber with content percentages above 50 %. Also, tree tomato, soursop, tangerine and orange seeds are an important source of protein and crude fats, with values highest than 12 and 27 %, respectively. It was also found that pineapple, mango, soursop and grape peel have a carbohydrate content greater than 50%. As a conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that fruit waste have a potential use in the food industry, due to their protein, crude fat, total dietary fiber and carbohydrates content.

Interactive Analysis of Biosurfactants in Fruit-Waste Fermentation Samples using BioSurfDB and MEGAN

Microbial biosurfactants are of major interest due to their multifunctional properties, biodegradable nature and low toxicity. Agroindustrial waste, such as fruit waste, can be used as substrates for producing bacteria.In this study, six samples of fruit waste, from oranges, mangoes and mixed fruits, were self-fermented,and then subjected to short-read metagenomic sequencing, so as to allow assessment of thepotential of the associated microbiota for biosurfactant production.Taxonomic analysis using the DIAMOND+MEGAN analysis pipeline shows that all six samples are dominatedby Proteobacteria, in particular, a common core consisting of the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter and Escherichia. To support the interactive visualization and exploration of the surfactant-related genes in such samples,we have integrated the BiosurfDB classification into MEGAN and make this available.Functional analysis indicates high similarity among samples and that a significant number of reads map to genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of lipopeptide-class biosurfactants. Gene-centric analysis reveals Klebsiella as the main assignment for genes related to putisolvins biosynthesis.This suggests that fruit waste is a promising substrate for fermentative processes because the associated microbiota may be able to produce biosurfactants that are potentially useful for the agricultural, chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries.

PEMANFAATAN LARVA BLACKxSOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) SEBAGAI PEREDUKSI SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN VARIASI JENIS SAMPAH DAN FREKUENSI FEEDING

Sampah sudah menjadi persoalan serius bagi masyarakat. Produksi sampah di dunia semakin meningkat, sedangkan laju pengurangan sampah lebih kecil dari pada laju produksinya, hal ini menyebabkan sampah semakin menumpuk. Berbagai upaya pemanfaatan sampah organik dengan teknologi baru telah dilakukan, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis besar persentase kemampuan larva BSF dalam mereduksi sampah organik sayuran/buah-buahan dan lauk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode percobaan skala laboratorium. Sampah organik yang digunakan sebagai sampel adalah sampah yang berasal dari sampah makanan khususnya sampah sayuran/buah-buahan dan lauk dengan frekuensi feeding sekali dalam 3 hari. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 kali replikasi (pengulangan) dan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Berdasarkan penelitian ini, persentase terbesar reduksi sampah oleh larva BSF sebesar 74% dan berdasarkan persentase yang diperoleh ditentukan bahwa variasi jenis sampah sayuran/buah-buahan dengan frekuensi feeding sekali dalam 3 hari lebih efektif untuk menghasilkan persentase reduksi sampah yang optimal. Kata kunci: frekuensi feeding, jenis sampah, larva BSF, reduksi sampah organik. Waste has become a serious problem for the community. Waste production in the world is increasing, while the rate of waste reduction is smaller than the rate of production, this causes waste to accumulate more. Various efforts to use organic waste with new technology have been carried out, one of which is by utilizing the larvae ofxBlack Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). The purpose of this study was to analyze the large percentage of BSF larvae' ability in reducing organic waste of vegetables/fruits and side dishes. This research was conducted by laboratory-scale experimental method. Organic waste used as a sample is garbage derived from food waste, especially vegetable / fruit waste and side dishes with feeding frequency once every 3 days. Data analysis used in this study is Complete RandomIzedxDesign (RAL) with 2 times replication (repetition) and the analysis method used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Based on this study, the largest percentage of waste reduction by BSF larvae is 74% and based on the percentage obtained it is determined that variations in the type of vegetable/fruit waste with feeding frequency once in 3 days are more effective to produce an optimal percentage of waste reduction. Keyword: BSF larvae, feeding frequency, reduction of organic waste, types of waste.