BOOK REVIEW: Edited by Nancy F. Cott. YOUNG OXFORD HISTORY OF WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES and John Demos. THE TRIED AND THE TRUE: NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN CONFRONTING COLONIZATION and Jane Kamensky. THE COLONIAL MOSAIC: AMERICAN WOMEN 1600-1760 and Marylynn Salmon THE LIMITS OF INDEPENDENCE: AMERICAN WOMEN 1760-1800 and Michael Goldberg. BREAKING NEW GROUND: AMERICAN WOMEN 1800-1848 and Harriet Sigerman. AN UNFINISHED BATTLE: AMERICAN WOMEN 1848-1865 and Harriet Sigerman. LABORERS FOR LIBERTY: AMERICAN WOMEN 1865-1890 and Karen Manners Smith. NEW PATHS TO POWER: AMERICAN WOMEN 1890-1920 and Sarah Jane Deutsch. FROM BALLOTS TO BREADLINES: AMERICAN WOMEN 1920-1940 and Elaine Tyler May. PUSHING THE LIMITS: AMERICAN WOMEN 1940-1961 and William H. Chafe. THE ROAD TO EQUALITY: AMERICAN WOMEN SINCE 1962 and Harriet Sigerman. BIOGRAPHICAL SUPPLEMENT AND INDEX

In this article, Deirdre Almeida presents an overview of Native American education since the Europeans' arrival in the Americas, with a focus on its effect on Native American women in the United States from 1878 to the present. Until recently the history of Native American women has only been touched upon, but over the past decade, Native American women scholars have emerged to present their perspectives on the influence of both traditional learning and formal Western-based educational programs on Native women. Almeida examines the educational experiences of Native American women resulting from U.S. government policies, focusing in particular on the off-reservation boarding school program of 1878–1928. Throughout her study, Almeida demonstrates how education was, and still is, connected to the political power of Native American women. Traditional learning has been the means by which Native American women have established and maintained their voices and empowered themselves through gender roles. However, Western-based education, under government control, has been used as an instrument to destroy the traditional power of Native American women, through the shifting of these roles. The voices of the Native American women presented in this study illustrate their resistance to the breakdown of traditional political standing and the use of education to reclaim and protect it.

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Violence Against Native American Women in the United States

Politikon IAPSS Journal of Political Science ◽

10.22151/politikon.20.12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 174-187

Author(s):

Jennifer Di Paolo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Human Rights ◽

Native American ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

The United States ◽

Indigenous Women ◽

Native American Women ◽

Human Rights Abuses ◽

American Women ◽

Indian Nations

In response to the topic of Global Justice and Human Rights: Country Case Studies, I will discuss the origin and continuation of violence against Native American women in the United States. In a report named Maze of Injustice: The Failure to Protect Indigenous Women from Violence by Amnesty International, the organization deemed the current status of violence against indigenous women one of the most pervasive yet hidden human rights abuses. The U.S Department of Justice has found that Native American and Native Alaskan women are 2.5 times more likely to be raped or sexually assaulted. During an International Expert Group Meeting discussing Combatting Violence Against Indigenous Women and Girls, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs declared it a human rights issue of epidemic proportions. One in three Native American women are raped and three in five are physically assaulted. In reference to interracial violence, four out of five Native American victims of sexual assault reported that the perpetrator was white. Unfortunately due to the shame and stigma surrounding topics such as sexual assault and rape it is estimated that in reality these numbers are far higher. Scholars and historians of pre-colonial Native societies have found that during this period women held prominent positions and violence against women was rare. With colonization came a radical change to the role of women in Native society. Gender based violence and the exclusion of women in important positions was a powerful tool used by British settlers to dismantle the structures of native society and ultimately conquer it. Presently, due to the inadequate legal power given to Indian nations the crisis is not being dealt with efficiently. For example, Indian nations are unable to prosecute non-Indian offenders. In my discussion of violence against Native women in the United States I will begin by analyzing its colonial origins. Next I will discuss why this violence persists today with reference to laws and judicial processes. Finally, I will discuss what must be done to end these human rights abuses.

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Book Review: The Shaping of American Higher Education

NASPA Journal ◽

10.2202/0027-6014.1126 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gary H. Knock

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Early History ◽

Quarter Century ◽

American Higher Education ◽

History Of ◽

Broad Understanding

In the introduction of this book, Arthur Cohen states that The Shaping of American Higher Education is less a history than a synthesis. While accurate, this depiction in no way detracts from the value of the book. This work synthesizes the first three centuries of development of high-er education in the United States. A number of books detail the early history of the American collegiate system; however, this book also pro-vides an up-to-date account of developments and context for under-standing the transformation of American higher education in the last quarter century. A broad understanding of the books subtitle, Emergence and Growth of the Contemporary System, is truly realized by the reader.

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