Does perceived scarcity of COVID-19 vaccines increase vaccination willingness? Results of an experimental study with German respondents in times of a national vaccine shortage.

10.31124/advance.17260445.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Schnepf

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Online Experiment ◽

Vaccine Shortage

<p>Vaccine shortage is still a major problem in many countries. But how does the vaccine shortage affect people’s willingness to be vaccinated? To test whether perceived scarcity of COVID-19 vaccines has an impact on vaccination willingness, a preregistered online experiment with <i>N</i> = 175 non-vaccinated German participants was conducted during a period of national vaccine shortage. Perceived vaccine scarcity was manipulated by either telling participants that COVID-19 vaccines in their district would be particularly scarce in the upcoming weeks or told that above-average quantities would be available. The results show that individuals in the scarcity-condition were significantly more willing to get vaccinated than those in the surplus-condition were. In addition, individuals in the scarcity-condition were found to express more anger towards the debate on relaxations for vaccinated versus non-vaccinated individuals.</p>

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Parent's responses to nutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements on energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods: an experimental study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010003691 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1071-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Helen Dixon ◽

Maree Scully ◽

Melanie Wakefield ◽

Bridget Kelly ◽

Kathy Chapman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Purchase Intentions ◽

Target Group ◽

Nutrition Information ◽

Food Marketing ◽

Celebrity Endorsement ◽

Celebrity Endorsements ◽

Online Experiment ◽

At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo assess parents’ responses to common, potentially misleading strategies for marketing energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) child-oriented foods.DesignBetween-subjects online experiment to test whether nutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements on the front of packs of EDNP products lead parents to prefer and rate these foods more favourably.SettingAustralia.SubjectsA total of 1551 parents of children aged 5–12 years, who were the main household grocery buyers.ResultsInclusion of nutrient claims or sports celebrity endorsements on EDNP products led parents to perceive these products to be more nutritious than if they did not include such promotions. When asked to choose between a pair of different products (EDNP v. healthier), 56 % of parents did not read a nutrition information panel (NIP) before making their choice and this did not differ by promotion condition. These parents were more likely to choose an EDNP product if it included a nutrient claim (OR = 1·83, 95 % CI 1·31, 2·56; P < 0·001) or sports celebrity endorsement (OR = 2·37, 95 % CI 1·70, 3·32; P < 0·001). Sports celebrity endorsements also enhanced parent's perceptions of typical consumers of the product, perceptions of product healthiness and quality, as well as purchase intentions.ConclusionsNutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements tip consumer preferences towards EDNP products bearing such promotions, especially among the majority who do not read the NIP. As parents largely determine what foods are available to children at home, it is critical that initiatives aimed at reducing the persuasive impact of food marketing include this target group.

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Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study

10.21203/rs.2.16882/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anna K M Blackwell ◽

Katie De-loyde ◽

Laura A Brocklebank ◽

Olivia M Maynard ◽

Theresa M Marteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

First Generation ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Second Generation ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Third Generation ◽

Online Experiment ◽

Tank System ◽

Urge To Smoke ◽

Secondary Outcomes

Abstract Objective This study examined whether exposure to smoking and vaping cues the urge to smoke or vape. It extends previous studies on first-generation cigalikes (visually similar to cigarettes) and second-generation devices (visually similar to pens) by including third-generation tank system devices (larger bulky units). In an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view one of four videos, which included smoking, vaping (cigalike or tank system), or neutral cues. The primary outcome was urge to smoke. Secondary outcomes were urge to vape, desire to smoke and vape, and intention to quit or remain abstinent from smoking.Results UK adults varying in smoking (current or former) and vaping (user or non-user) status (n=1120) completed the study: 184 (16%) failed study attention checks meaning 936 were included in the final analysis. Urges to smoke were similar across cue groups. Urges to vape were higher following exposure to vaping compared to neutral cues. There was no clear evidence of an interaction between cue group and smoking or vaping status. The lack of cueing effects on smoking urges is inconsistent with previous research, raising questions about the ability to assess craving in online settings.

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Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study

10.21203/rs.2.16882/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anna K M Blackwell ◽

Katie De-loyde ◽

Laura A Brocklebank ◽

Olivia M Maynard ◽

Theresa M Marteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

First Generation ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Second Generation ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Third Generation ◽

Online Experiment ◽

Tank System ◽

Urge To Smoke ◽

Secondary Outcomes

Abstract Objective This study examined whether exposure to smoking and vaping cues the urge to smoke or vape. It extends previous studies on first-generation cigalikes (visually similar to cigarettes) and second-generation devices (visually similar to pens) by including third-generation tank system devices (larger bulky units). In an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view one of four videos, which included smoking, vaping (cigalike or tank system), or neutral cues. The primary outcome was urge to smoke. Secondary outcomes were urge to vape, desire to smoke and vape, and intention to quit or remain abstinent from smoking.Results UK adults varying in smoking (current or former) and vaping (user or non-user) status (n=1120) completed the study: 184 (16%) failed study attention checks meaning 936 were included in the final analysis. Urges to smoke were similar across cue groups. Urges to vape were higher following exposure to vaping compared to neutral cues. There was no clear evidence of an interaction between cue group and smoking or vaping status. The lack of cueing effects on smoking urges is inconsistent with previous research, raising questions about the ability to assess craving in online settings.

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Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study

10.21203/rs.2.16882/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna K M Blackwell ◽

Katie De-loyde ◽

Laura A Brocklebank ◽

Olivia M Maynard ◽

Theresa M Marteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

First Generation ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Second Generation ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Third Generation ◽

Online Experiment ◽

Tank System ◽

Urge To Smoke ◽

Secondary Outcomes

Abstract Objective This study examined whether exposure to smoking and vaping cues the urge to smoke or vape. It extends previous studies on first-generation cigalikes (visually similar to cigarettes) and second-generation devices (visually similar to pens) by including third-generation tank system devices (larger bulky units). In an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view one of four videos, which included smoking, vaping (cigalike or tank system), or neutral cues. The primary outcome was urge to smoke. Secondary outcomes were urge to vape, desire to smoke and vape, and intention to quit or remain abstinent from smoking.Results UK adults varying in smoking (current or former) and vaping (user or non-user) status (n=1120) completed the study: 184 (16%) failed study attention checks meaning 936 were included in the final analysis. Urges to smoke were similar across cue groups. Urges to vape were higher following exposure to vaping compared to neutral cues. There was no clear evidence of an interaction between cue group and smoking or vaping status. The lack of cueing effects on smoking urges is inconsistent with previous research, raising questions about the ability to assess craving in online settings.

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Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study

10.31234/osf.io/mrfne ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Katherine Mary Blackwell ◽

Katie De-loyde ◽

Laura A Brocklebank ◽

Olivia M Maynard ◽

Theresa Marteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

First Generation ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Second Generation ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Third Generation ◽

Online Experiment ◽

Tank System ◽

Urge To Smoke ◽

Secondary Outcomes

ObjectiveThis study examined whether exposure to smoking and vaping cues the urge to smoke or vape. It extends previous studies on first-generation cigalikes (visually similar to cigarettes) and second-generation devices (visually similar to pens) by including third-generation tank system devices (larger bulky units). In an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view one of four videos, which included smoking, vaping (cigalike or tank system), or neutral cues. The primary outcome was urge to smoke. Secondary outcomes were urge to vape, desire to smoke and vape, and intention to quit or remain abstinent from smoking.Results UK adults varying in smoking (current or former) and vaping (user or non-user) status (n=1120) completed the study: 184 (16%) failed study attention checks meaning 936 were included in the final analysis. Urges to smoke were similar across cue groups. Urges to vape were higher following exposure to vaping compared to neutral cues. There was no clear evidence of an interaction between cue group and smoking or vaping status. The lack of cueing effects on smoking urges is inconsistent with previous research, raising questions about the ability to assess craving in online settings.

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Experimental study on the restoration from a tilt-azimuth series for improvement in resolution

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013955x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 636-637

Author(s):

Norio Baba ◽

Norihiko Ichise ◽

Syunya Watanabe

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Spherical Aberration ◽

Incident Beam ◽

Optical Parameters ◽

Beam Tilting ◽

Illumination Method ◽

Restoration Method ◽

Illumination Mode

The tilted beam illumination method is used to improve the resolution comparing with the axial illumination mode. Using this advantage, a restoration method of several tilted beam images covering the full azimuthal range was proposed by Saxton, and experimentally examined. To make this technique more reliable it seems that some practical problems still remain. In this report the restoration was attempted and the problems were considered. In our study, four problems were pointed out for the experiment of the restoration. (1) Accurate beam tilt adjustment to fit the incident beam to the coma-free axis for the symmetrical beam tilting over the full azimuthal range. (2) Accurate measurements of the optical parameters which are necessary to design the restoration filter. Even if the spherical aberration coefficient Cs is known with accuracy and the axial astigmatism is sufficiently compensated, at least the defocus value must be measured. (3) Accurate alignment of the tilt-azimuth series images.

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