scholarly journals PREPRINT: Different target modalities improve the single-probe protocol of the response time-based Concealed Information Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Koller ◽  
Franziska Hofer ◽  
Bruno Verschuere
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Test Block ◽  
Concealed Information Test ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Concealed Information ◽  
Information Test

To detect if someone hides specific knowledge (called ‘probes’), the reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) asks the examinee to classify items into two categories (targets/non-targets). Within the non-targets, slower RTs to the probes reveals recognition of concealed information. The preferred protocol examines one piece of information per test block (single probe protocol), but its validity is suboptimal. The aim of this study was to improve the validity of the single probe protocol by presenting the information in multiple modalities. In an online study (n = 388) participants were instructed to try to hide their nationality. The items referring to the nationality were presented as words, flags, and maps. Increasing the number of modalities of the targets (BF10 = 37), but not of the probes (BF01 = 6), increased the validity of the RT-CIT. This broadens range of the RT-CITs’ applicability, which is an important step towards application in practice.

scholarly journals Familiarity-based fillers improve the validity of reaction time-based memory detection

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Verschuere ◽  
Gáspár Lukács ◽  
Bennett Kleinberg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Concealed Information Test ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Multiple Probe ◽  
Concealed Information ◽  
Information Test

The reaction time (RT)-based Concealed Information Test (CIT) allows for the detection of concealed knowledge (e.g., one’s true identity) when the questions are presented randomly (multiple-probe protocol), but its performance is much weaker when questions are presented in blocks (e.g., first question about surname, then about birthday; single-probe protocol). The latter test protocol, however, is the preferred and sometimes even the only feasible interviewing method in real-life. In a first, pre-registered, experiment (n = 363), we show that the validity of the single-probe protocol version can be substantially improved by including familiarity-related filler trials (e.g., “KNOWN,” “UNKNOWN”). We replicated these findings in a second, preregistered, experiment (n = 237), where we further found that the use of familiarity-related fillers even improved the classic multiple-probe protocol. We recommend the use of familiarity-related filler trials for the RT-based CIT.

scholarly journals Importance-related fillers improve the classification accuracy of the Response Time Concealed Information Test in a crime scenario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Wojciechowski ◽  
Gáspár Lukács
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Concealed Information Test ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Episodic Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Concealed Information ◽  
Murder Weapon ◽  
Information Test

Purpose. The Response Time Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can reveal when a person recognizes a relevant item among other irrelevant items, based on comparatively slower responding. Therefore, if a person is concealing knowledge about the relevance of this item (e.g., recognizing it as a murder weapon), this deception can be revealed. A recent study introduced additional “familiarity-related fillers”, and these items substantially enhanced diagnostic efficiency in detecting autobiographical data. However, the generalizability of the efficiency of fillers to other scenarios remains an open question. We empirically investigated whether new importance-related fillers enhanced diagnostic efficiency in an imaginary crime scenario. Methods. Two hundred and thirty-nine volunteers participated in an independent samples experiment. Participants were asked to imagine either committing a crime (“guilty” group) or to imagine visiting a museum (“innocent” group). Then, all participants underwent RT-CIT testing using either a standard single probe or an enhanced single probe (with importance-related fillers) protocol.Results. The enhanced RT-CIT (with importance-related fillers) showed high diagnostic efficiency (AUC = .810), and significantly outperformed the standard version (AUC = .562). Neither dropout rates nor exclusion criteria influenced this enhancement.Conclusions. Importance-related fillers improve diagnostic efficiency when detecting episodic information using the RT-CIT, and seem to be useful in detecting knowledge in a wide range of scenarios.

scholarly journals Prolonged Response Time Concealed Information Test Decreases Probe-Control Differences but Increases Classification Accuracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gáspár Lukács
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Test Length ◽  
Concealed Information Test ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Concealed Information ◽  
Murder Weapon ◽  
Information Test

The Response Time Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can reveal that a person recognizes a relevant item (probe, e.g. a murder weapon) among other, irrelevant items (controls), based on slower responses to the probe compared to the controls. The present paper assesses the influence of test length (due to practice, habituation, or fatigue) on two key variables in the RT-CIT: (a) probe-control differences and (b) classification accuracy, through a meta-analysis (using 12 previous experiments), as well as with two new experiments. It is consistently demonstrated that increased test length decreases probe-control differences but increases classification accuracies. The main implication for real-life application is that using altogether at least around 600 trials is optimal for the RT-CIT.

scholarly journals Seen this scene? Scene recognition in the reaction-time Concealed Information Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1388-1402
Author(s):  
Danielle G. Norman ◽  
Daniel A. Gunnell ◽  
Aleksandra J. Mrowiec ◽  
Derrick G. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Scene Recognition ◽  
Concealed Information Test ◽  
Concealed Information ◽  
Information Test

scholarly journals What are you hiding? Initial validation of the reaction time‐based searching concealed information test

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406-1418
Author(s):  
Dave Koller ◽  
Franziska Hofer ◽  
Tuule Grolig ◽  
Signe Ghelfi ◽  
Bruno Verschuere
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Concealed Information Test ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Concealed Information ◽  
Information Test
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