Dissociation Between Speech and Emotion Effects in Short-Term Memory: A Data Reanalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
General Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Serial Recall Task ◽  
Bayesian Hypothesis Test ◽  
Missing Item

Performance in visual serial recall tasks is often impaired by irrelevant auditory distracters. The duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction states that if the distracters provide order cues, these interfere with the processing of the order cues in the serial recall task (interference by process). In contrast, the unitary account states that distracters capture only attention on a general level (attentional distraction) without interfering specifically with order processing. Marsh et al. (2018, Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 44, 882-897) reported finding a dissociation between the effects of serial recall tasks and those of a missing-item task on the disruptive effects of speech and of emotional words, as predicted by the duplex-mechanism account. Critically, the reported analyses did not test specifically for the claimed dissociation. Therefore, I reanalyzed the Marsh et al. data and conducted the appropriate analyses. I also tested the dissociation more directly and added a Bayesian hypothesis test to measure the strength of the evidence for a dissociation. Results provided strong evidence for a dissociation (i.e., crossover interaction) between effects of speech and of emotion. Because the duplex-mechanism account predicts this dissociation between speech effects (interference by process) and emotion effects (attentional diversion) whereas the unitary account does not, Marsh et al.’s data support the duplex-mechanism account. However, to show that this dissociation is robust, researchers are advised to replicate this dissociation in an adversarial registered report.

scholarly journals Dissociation Between Speech and Emotion Effects in Short-Term Memory: A Data Reanalysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
General Level ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Serial Recall Task ◽  
Bayesian Hypothesis Test ◽  
Missing Item

Performance in visual serial recall tasks is often impaired by irrelevant auditory distracters. The duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction states that if the distracters provide order cues, these interfere with the processing of the order cues in the serial recall task (interference by process). In contrast, the unitary account states that distracters capture only attention on a general level (attentional distraction) without interfering specifically withorder processing. Marsh et al. (2018, Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 44, 882-897) reported finding a dissociation between the effects of serial recall tasks and those of a missing-item task on the disruptive effects of speech and of emotional words, as predicted by the duplex-mechanism account. Critically, the reported analyses did not test specifically for the claimed dissociation. Therefore, I reanalyzed the Marsh et al. data and conducted the appropriate analyses. I also tested the dissociation more directly and added a Bayesian hypothesis test to measure the strength of the evidence for a dissociation. Results provided strong evidence for a dissociation (i.e., crossover interaction) between effects of speech and of emotion. Because the duplex-mechanism account predicts this dissociation between speech effects (interference by process) and emotion effects (attentionaldiversion) whereas the unitary account does not, Marsh et al.’s data support the duplex-mechanism account. However, to show that this dissociation is robust, researchers are advised to replicate this dissociation in an adversarial registered report.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Evidence for a Dissociation Between Speech and Emotion Effects in Short-Term Memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Missing Item

Marsh et al. (2018, Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 44, 882-897) reported finding a dissociation between the effects of serial recall tasks and those of a missing-item task on the disruptive effects of speech and of emotional words, as predicted by the duplex-mechanism account. Critically, the reported analyses did not test specifically for this dissociation. To address this issue, I re-analyzed the Marsh et al. data and added Bayesian hypothesis tests to measure the strength of the evidence for a dissociation. This commentary is submitted to Meta-Psychology.

Effect of Perceiving Computing to Be an Acquirable Skill upon a Computer-Mediated Serial Recall Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Serial Recall Task ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Pencil And Paper ◽  
Traditional Assessments

Serial recall tasks assess the capacity of verbal short-term memory. The perception of computing as an acquirable skill rather than a fixed ability affected performance upon computer-based serial recall tasks but did not affect performance on comparable pencil-and-paper tasks. Computerized versions of traditional assessments should control for this.

Cross-linguistic differences in the immediate serial recall of consonants versus vowels

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH M. KISSLING
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
First Language ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Arabic And English

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated native English and native Arabic speakers’ phonological short-term memory for sequences of consonants and vowels. Phonological short-term memory was assessed in immediate serial recall tasks conducted in Arabic and English for both groups. Participants (n= 39) heard series of six consonant–vowel syllables and wrote down what they recalled. Native speakers of English recalled the vowel series better than consonant series in English and in Arabic, which was not true of native Arabic speakers. An analysis of variance showed that there was an interaction between first language and phoneme type. The results are discussed in light of current research on consonant and vowel processing.

scholarly journals Syllable frequency effects on phonological short-term memory tasks

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA M. NIMMO ◽  
STEVEN ROODENRYS
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Syllable Frequency ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Frequency Effects

Recent evidence suggests that phonological short-term memory (STM) tasks are influenced by both lexical and sublexical factors inherent in the selection and construction of the stimuli to be recalled. This study examined whether long-term memory (LTM) influences STM at a sublexical level by investigating whether the frequency with which one-syllable nonwords occur in polysyllabic words influences recall accuracy on two phonological STM tasks, nonword repetition and serial recall. The results showed that recall accuracy increases when the stimuli to be recalled consist of one-syllable nonwords that occur often in polysyllabic English words. This result is consistent with the notion that LTM facilitates phonological STM at both a lexical and sublexical level. Implications for models of verbal STM are discussed.

Language familiarity effects in short-term memory: The role of output delay and long-term knowledge

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1363-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel S. C. Thorn ◽  
Susan E. Gathercole ◽  
Clive R. Frankish
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
First Language ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Language Familiarity ◽  
Output Delay

Four experiments examined the origins of language familiarity effects in bilingual short-term recall. In Experiments 1A and 1B, bilingual adults were tested on serial recall and probed serial recall of words and nonwords in their first and second languages. A first-language advantage was obtained on both measures, indicating that the beneficial effects of language familiarity are not exclusively attributable to lesser output delay during overt recall. In Experiments 2A and 2B, the same group of bilinguals was tested on serial recall and serial recognition of word lists in both languages. Although a sizeable first-language advantage was obtained on the serial recall measure, recognition performance was comparable in the two languages. On the basis of these results it is suggested that language differences in bilingual immediate memory arise in large part as a consequence of the differential availability of language-specific long-term knowledge with which to support retrieval processes in serial recall.

scholarly journals Children's Serial Recall Errors: Implications for Theories of Short-Term Memory Development

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa McCormack ◽  
Gordon D.A. Brown ◽  
Janet I. Vousden ◽  
Richard N.A. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory
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