Hierarchy-Enhancing Misinformation: Social Dominance Motives Are Uniquely Associated With Republicans’ Belief In and Sharing of Election-Related Misinformation
The aftermath of the 2020 US Presidential election saw a deluge of election-related misinformation which falsely asserted that the election was “stolen” from Donald Trump. Since then a majority of Republicans have consistently expressed belief in this misinformation, despite no evidence for its veracity and its motivating role in the January 6th, 2021 attack on the US Capitol. Here we present evidence, using a repeated-measures design (N = 355) across a highly generalizable stimulus set, that Republicans’ support for 2020 US election-related misinformation and willingness to share it on social media are uniquely associated with social dominance motives, along with conspiracy mentality and party identification strength. We find little evidence that right-wing authoritarianism is associated with the belief in or sharing of election-related misinformation, and that cognitive reflectiveness is only associated with sharing, but not belief. We introduce the theoretical lens of Hierarchy-Enhancing Misinformation to interpret these findings, arguing that election-related misinformation is best understood as a functional mechanism by which group-based dominance hierarchies are socially and psychologically reinforced.