scholarly journals The development of lexical competition in written- and spoken-word competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith S Apfelbaum ◽  
Christina Blomquist ◽  
Bob McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Target Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Input Modality ◽  
Developmental Continuity ◽  
Input Format ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Efficient word recognition depends on the ability to overcome competition from overlapping words. The nature of the overlap depends on the input modality: spoken words have temporal overlap from other words that share phonemes in the same positions, whereas written words have spatial overlap from other words with letters in the same places. It is unclear how these differences in input format affect the ability to recognize a word and the types of competitors that become active while doing so. This study investigates word recognition in both modalities in children between 7 and 15. Children complete a visual-world paradigm eye-tracking task that measures competition from words with several types of overlap, using identical word lists between modalities. Results showed correlated developmental changes in the speed of target recognition in both modalities. Additionally, developmental changes were seen in the efficiency of competitor suppression for some competitor types in the spoken modality. These data reveal some developmental continuity in the process of word recognition independent of modality, but also some instances of independence in how competitors are activated. Stimuli, data and analyses from this project are available at: https://osf.io/eav72

Re-reconsidering the role of temporal order in spoken word recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2574-2583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gregg ◽  
Albrecht W Inhoff ◽  
Cynthia M Connine
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Stimulus Materials

Spoken word recognition models incorporate the temporal unfolding of word information by assuming that positional match constrains lexical activation. Recent findings challenge the linearity constraint. In the visual world paradigm, Toscano, Anderson, and McMurray observed that listeners preferentially viewed a picture of a target word’s anadrome competitor (e.g., competitor bus for target sub) compared with phonologically unrelated distractors (e.g., well) or competitors sharing an overlapping vowel (e.g., sun). Toscano et al. concluded that spoken word recognition relies on coarse grain spectral similarity for mapping spoken input to a lexical representation. Our experiments aimed to replicate the anadrome effect and to test the coarse grain similarity account using competitors without vowel position overlap (e.g., competitor leaf for target flea). The results confirmed the original effect: anadrome competitor fixation curves diverged from unrelated distractors approximately 275 ms after the onset of the target word. In contrast, the no vowel position overlap competitor did not show an increase in fixations compared with the unrelated distractors. The contrasting results for the anadrome and no vowel position overlap items are discussed in terms of theoretical implications of sequential match versus coarse grain similarity accounts of spoken word recognition. We also discuss design issues (repetition of stimulus materials and display parameters) concerning the use of the visual world paradigm in making inferences about online spoken word recognition.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Lexical Competition During Spoken Word Recognition

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Magnuson ◽  
James A. Dixon ◽  
Michael K. Tanenhaus ◽  
Richard N. Aslin
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Competition

scholarly journals Pupillometry reveals cognitive demands of lexical competition during spoken word recognition in young and older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. McLaughlin ◽  
Maggie E. Zink ◽  
Lauren Gaunt ◽  
Brent Spehar ◽  
Kristin J. Van Engen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Cognitive Demands

Discourse fluency modulates spoken word recognition in monolingual and L2 speakers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mona Roxana Botezatu ◽  
Judith F. Kroll ◽  
Morgan Trachsel ◽  
Taomei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Language Effects ◽  
Fluent Language

Abstract We investigated whether fluent language production is associated with greater skill in resolving lexical competition during spoken word recognition and ignoring irrelevant information in non-linguistic tasks. Native English monolinguals and native English L2 learners, who varied on measures of discourse/verbal fluency and cognitive control, identified spoken English words from dense (e.g., BAG) and sparse (e.g., BALL) phonological neighborhoods in moderate noise. Participants were slower in recognizing spoken words from denser neighborhoods. The inhibitory effect of phonological neighborhood density was smaller for English monolinguals and L2 learners with higher speech production fluency, but was unrelated to cognitive control as indexed by performance on the Simon task. Converging evidence from within-language effects in monolinguals and cross-language effects in L2 learners suggests that fluent language production involves a competitive selection process that may not engage all domain-general control mechanisms. Results suggest that language experience may capture individual variation in lexical competition resolution.

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