scholarly journals Binding in Short-Term Visual Memory: Reassessing Whole Display Interference

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rhodes ◽  
Nelson Cowan ◽  
Mario Parra Rodrigues ◽  
Robert H Logie
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Single Probe

Here we reassess the finding, originally reported by Wheeler and Treisman (2002), that change detection accuracy for bindings of features is particularly impaired by a whole display probe, in which multiple test items are presented, relative to a single probe. Importantly, the different methods of probing visual short-term memory place different constraints on how information regarding features and their combination can be used to respond. In Experiments 1 and 2 of the present work we use simple processing models of change detection to account for the different task constraints and find no evidence for binding specific whole display interference. Experiment 3 then makes a simple alteration to the single probe task which allows for a more direct comparison of accuracy between the two probing methods and also fails to demonstrate binding specific whole display interference. We argue that the original finding is more reflective of how different change detection tasks allow for different uses of information in memory, rather than reflecting a property of visual short-term memory itself.

scholarly journals Do change detection measures underestimate the capacity of visual short-term memory?

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 663-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Delvenne ◽  
A. Cleeremans ◽  
C. Laloyaux
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Characterizing chunks in visual short-term memory: Not more than one feature per dimension?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner X. Schneider ◽  
Heiner Deubel ◽  
Maria-Barbara Wesenick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Cowan defines a chunk as “a collection of concepts that have strong associations to one another and much weaker associations to other chunks currently in use.” This definition does not impose any constraints on the nature and number of elements that can be bound into a chunk. We present an experiment to demonstrate that such limitations exist for visual short-term memory, and that their analysis may lead to important insights into properties of visual memory.

scholarly journals Auditory and visual short-term memory: Influence of material type, contour, and musical expertise.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Talamini ◽  
Salomé Blain ◽  
Jérémie Ginzburg ◽  
Olivier Houix ◽  
Patrick Bouchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Musical Expertise

Draft version 28.03.2020. This paper has not been peer reviewed. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. Short-term memory has mostly been investigated with verbal or visuospatial stimuli and less so with other categories of stimuli. Moreover, the influence of sensory modality has been explored almost solely in the verbal domain. The present study used the same experimental paradigm to investigate auditory and visual short-term memory for different types of stimuli. In each trial, participants were presented with two sequences of events, separated by a silent delay, and had to indicate whether the two sequences were identical or different. Performance in this recognition (delayed-matching-to-sample) paradigm was compared for materials that were either verbal (i.e., chained syllables without meaning) or nonverbal (i.e., not easily described by verbal labels). For the latter ones, the event sequence could either entail a contour, which is a pattern of up and down changes (based on non-pitch features), or not. All materials were implemented in both auditory and visual modalities. As previous research has reported better auditory memory (and to some extent, visual memory), and better auditory contour recognition for musicians than non-musicians, the recognition tasks were performed by a group of musicians and a group of non-musicians. Results revealed a selective advantage of musicians for the auditory no-contour stimuli and for the contour stimuli (both visual and auditory), suggesting that musical expertise is associated with specific short-term memory advantages in domains close to the trained domain, even extending cross-modally. These findings offer new insights into the role of encoding strategies and their effect on short-term memory performance across modalities.

scholarly journals Visual Memory Scan Slopes: Their Changes over the First Two Seconds of Processing

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jane Jacob ◽  
Bruno G. Breitmeyer ◽  
Melissa Treviño
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Stages

Using the prime–probe comparison paradigm, Jacob, Breitmeyer, and Treviño (2013) demonstrated that information processing in visual short-term memory (VSTM) proceeds through three stages: sensory visible persistence (SVP), nonvisible informational persistence (NIP), and visual working memory (VWM). To investigate the effect of increasing the memory load on these stages by using 1, 3, and 5 display items, measures of VSTM performance, including storage, storage-slopes, and scan-slopes, were obtained. Results again revealed three stages of VSTM processing, but with the NIP stage increasing in duration as memory load increased, suggesting a need, during the NIP stage, for transfer and encoding delays of information into VWM. Consistent with this, VSTM scan-slopes, in ms/item, were lowest during the first NIP stage, highest during the second NIP stage, and intermediate during the third, non-sensory VWM stage. The results also demonstrated a color-superiority effect, as all VSTM scan-slopes for color were lower than those for shape and as all VSTM storages for color are greater than those for shape, and the existence of systematic pair-wise correlations between all three measures of VSTM performance. These findings and their implications are related to other paradigms and methods used to investigate post-stimulus processing in VSTM.

Dynamic Visual Noise Affects Visual Short-Term Memory for Surface Color, but not Spatial Location

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dent
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Dynamic Visual Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Experimental Tool ◽  
Spatial Locations

In two experiments participants retained a single color or a set of four spatial locations in memory. During a 5 s retention interval participants viewed either flickering dynamic visual noise or a static matrix pattern. In Experiment 1 memory was assessed using a recognition procedure, in which participants indicated if a particular test stimulus matched the memorized stimulus or not. In Experiment 2 participants attempted to either reproduce the locations or they picked the color from a whole range of possibilities. Both experiments revealed effects of dynamic visual noise (DVN) on memory for colors but not for locations. The implications of the results for theories of working memory and the methodological prospects for DVN as an experimental tool are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document