scholarly journals Foraminifera and stratigraphy of the upper part of the Pierre Shale and lower part of the Fox Hills Sandstone (Cretaceous), north-central South Dakota

10.3133/pp611 ◽  
1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Mello
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
North Central ◽  
Pierre Shale ◽  
Central South

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Fermentation Byproduct Spinosad and Conventional Insecticide Treatments for Controlling Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
B. W. Fuller ◽  
R. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
North Central ◽  
General Linear Models ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Central South

Abstract A commercial sunflower field near Mina, in north-central South Dakota, was selected foi our trial of several insecticide treatments at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. The experiment was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications, and individual treatment plots were 25 ft long by 10 rows (38 inch spacing) wide. In addition, each plot was bordered by two buffer rows to prevent drift. Pre-application evaluations were carried out using whole-plant visual counts of the number of live SB larvae per plant. Twenty plants were examined from each treatment plot and these counts indicated an average of 11 SB larvae per plant within the test area. Treatments were applied on 11 Ju’ using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system with a hand-held 6.7-ft long boom. The boom was equipped with 4 TeeJet 8001 nozzles spaced 20 inches apart, and was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 6 DAT using the same count ing technique and number of samples described for pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’ s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.

scholarly journals Pyrethroid Insecticides at Standard and Reduced Rates for Management of Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
B. W. Fuller ◽  
R. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
North Central ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Central South ◽  
Development Applications

Abstract A grower-established sunflower field (planted on 25 May with a seeding rate of 23,300 per acre) was found to have sufficient SB larvae (5 per plant) to conduct our insecticide evaluations. This site in north-central South Dakota (Ipswich) was used to evaluate 3 pyrethroid insecticides at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. Plots were 25 ft long by 8 rows (36 inch spacing) wide and the study was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatment plots were buffered by 2 untreated rows to prevent cross-contamination between plots due to insecticide drift. Pre-application evaluations used whole-plant counts which were carried out on 20 plants per plot. Treatments were applied to plots on 2 Jul at V-8 stage of sunflower physiological development. Applications were made using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system equipped with a 6.7 ft long, 4-nozzle (TeeJet 8001 flat fan; spaced 20 inches apart) boom. The system was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Efficacy was evaluated at 7 and 24 DAT using the same counting technique and number of plants sampled as pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.

Revision of Pierre Shale of Central South Dakota

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight R. Crandell (2)
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Pierre Shale ◽  
Central South

scholarly journals Influence of Deleterious Rhizobacteria on Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Brinkman ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Robert J. Kremer
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
North Central ◽  
Deleterious Rhizobacteria ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Central South

Rhizobacteria have been shown to be phytotoxic to leafy spurge in laboratory assays. This field study investigated the influence of two strains ofPseudomonas fluorescens[Trevisan, (Migula)], deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB), on root weight, root bud number, and root carbohydrate content of leafy spurge at three sites located in northeast and north-central South Dakota. Soils were inoculated with 2 g of starch-based granules containing no bacteria or starch granules containing 108colony-forming units (cfu)/g of either bacterial strain LS102 (Montana origin) or LS174 (South Dakota origin). Bacterial strains were detected on root samples from treated areas. Root weight and root carbohydrate content were reduced about 20% compared to roots from control plots.

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