scholarly journals Influence of Deleterious Rhizobacteria on Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Brinkman ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Robert J. Kremer
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
North Central ◽  
Deleterious Rhizobacteria ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Central South

Rhizobacteria have been shown to be phytotoxic to leafy spurge in laboratory assays. This field study investigated the influence of two strains ofPseudomonas fluorescens[Trevisan, (Migula)], deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB), on root weight, root bud number, and root carbohydrate content of leafy spurge at three sites located in northeast and north-central South Dakota. Soils were inoculated with 2 g of starch-based granules containing no bacteria or starch granules containing 108colony-forming units (cfu)/g of either bacterial strain LS102 (Montana origin) or LS174 (South Dakota origin). Bacterial strains were detected on root samples from treated areas. Root weight and root carbohydrate content were reduced about 20% compared to roots from control plots.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Fermentation Byproduct Spinosad and Conventional Insecticide Treatments for Controlling Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
B. W. Fuller ◽  
R. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
North Central ◽  
General Linear Models ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Central South

Abstract A commercial sunflower field near Mina, in north-central South Dakota, was selected foi our trial of several insecticide treatments at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. The experiment was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications, and individual treatment plots were 25 ft long by 10 rows (38 inch spacing) wide. In addition, each plot was bordered by two buffer rows to prevent drift. Pre-application evaluations were carried out using whole-plant visual counts of the number of live SB larvae per plant. Twenty plants were examined from each treatment plot and these counts indicated an average of 11 SB larvae per plant within the test area. Treatments were applied on 11 Ju’ using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system with a hand-held 6.7-ft long boom. The boom was equipped with 4 TeeJet 8001 nozzles spaced 20 inches apart, and was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 6 DAT using the same count ing technique and number of samples described for pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’ s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.

scholarly journals Pyrethroid Insecticides at Standard and Reduced Rates for Management of Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
B. W. Fuller ◽  
R. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
North Central ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Central South ◽  
Development Applications

Abstract A grower-established sunflower field (planted on 25 May with a seeding rate of 23,300 per acre) was found to have sufficient SB larvae (5 per plant) to conduct our insecticide evaluations. This site in north-central South Dakota (Ipswich) was used to evaluate 3 pyrethroid insecticides at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. Plots were 25 ft long by 8 rows (36 inch spacing) wide and the study was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatment plots were buffered by 2 untreated rows to prevent cross-contamination between plots due to insecticide drift. Pre-application evaluations used whole-plant counts which were carried out on 20 plants per plot. Treatments were applied to plots on 2 Jul at V-8 stage of sunflower physiological development. Applications were made using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system equipped with a 6.7 ft long, 4-nozzle (TeeJet 8001 flat fan; spaced 20 inches apart) boom. The system was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Efficacy was evaluated at 7 and 24 DAT using the same counting technique and number of plants sampled as pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.

Abundance, vegetation, and environment of four patch types in a northern mixed prairie

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Umbanhowar Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Central South ◽  
Ant Mounds

The importance of concurrent disturbances to the maintenance of plant species diversity in grasslands has been emphasized by several authors, but there are few studies comparing different disturbances at the same site. In this study the size, abundance, vegetation, and environment of thatching ant mounds, earthen mammal mounds, bison wallows, and openings in dry marshes are compared in a northern mixed prairie in north central South Dakota. Patch size and abundance varied considerably between patch types. Ant and earthen mammal mounds were the smallest but most abundant patch types. Bison wallows and dry marshes were larger and occurred less frequently than ant and earthen mounds. Different patch types occupied a similar amount of area. Ordination of patch vegetation revealed marked between-type compositional differences; ant and earthen mounds were dominated by vegetatively reproducing perennials, while annuals occurred more abundantly in bison wallows and dry marshes. Many species were restricted to either wallows or marshes. Levels of nitrate, phosphorus, soil organic matter, and other environmental factors varied significantly between patch types. Different patch types supported different groups of species, and patch vegetation was a product of mechanism of patch creation, patch environment, and location. Key words: ant mounds, disturbance, earthen mounds, northern mixed prairie, patches, potholes, wallows.

Seasonal movements and home ranges of white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Grovenburg ◽  
J. A. Jenks ◽  
R. W. Klaver ◽  
C. C. Swanson ◽  
C. N. Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
North Central ◽  
Seasonal Movements ◽  
Central South

Knowledge of movement patterns of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) inhabiting landscapes intensively modified by agricultural systems is important to the present and future understanding of deer ecology. Little information exists regarding daily and seasonal movements of white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota. Therefore, our goal was to determine movement patterns and home-range use of female white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota. From January 2005 to January 2007, 29 adult (>18 months) and 13 yearling (8–18 months) white-tailed deer were monitored for movement using radiotelemetry. We collected 2822 locations, calculated 76 home ranges, and documented 50 seasonal movements. Mean migration distance between summer and winter home ranges was 19.4 km (SE = 2.0 km). Mean 95% home-range size was 10.2 km2 (SE = 1.2 km2, n = 27) during winter and 9.2 km2 (SE = 1.0 km2, n = 49) during summer. Ambient temperature appeared to be a primary cause of seasonal migration. Additionally, movements exhibited by white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota were influenced by a highly fragmented landscape dominated by row crops and pasture or grassland.

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