scholarly journals Evaluation of the Fermentation Byproduct Spinosad and Conventional Insecticide Treatments for Controlling Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
B. W. Fuller ◽  
R. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
North Central ◽  
General Linear Models ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Central South

Abstract A commercial sunflower field near Mina, in north-central South Dakota, was selected foi our trial of several insecticide treatments at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. The experiment was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications, and individual treatment plots were 25 ft long by 10 rows (38 inch spacing) wide. In addition, each plot was bordered by two buffer rows to prevent drift. Pre-application evaluations were carried out using whole-plant visual counts of the number of live SB larvae per plant. Twenty plants were examined from each treatment plot and these counts indicated an average of 11 SB larvae per plant within the test area. Treatments were applied on 11 Ju’ using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system with a hand-held 6.7-ft long boom. The boom was equipped with 4 TeeJet 8001 nozzles spaced 20 inches apart, and was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 6 DAT using the same count ing technique and number of samples described for pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’ s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.

scholarly journals Pyrethroid Insecticides at Standard and Reduced Rates for Management of Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
B. W. Fuller ◽  
R. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
North Central ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Central South ◽  
Development Applications

Abstract A grower-established sunflower field (planted on 25 May with a seeding rate of 23,300 per acre) was found to have sufficient SB larvae (5 per plant) to conduct our insecticide evaluations. This site in north-central South Dakota (Ipswich) was used to evaluate 3 pyrethroid insecticides at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. Plots were 25 ft long by 8 rows (36 inch spacing) wide and the study was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatment plots were buffered by 2 untreated rows to prevent cross-contamination between plots due to insecticide drift. Pre-application evaluations used whole-plant counts which were carried out on 20 plants per plot. Treatments were applied to plots on 2 Jul at V-8 stage of sunflower physiological development. Applications were made using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system equipped with a 6.7 ft long, 4-nozzle (TeeJet 8001 flat fan; spaced 20 inches apart) boom. The system was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Efficacy was evaluated at 7 and 24 DAT using the same counting technique and number of plants sampled as pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.

scholarly journals Eetle Emergence From Plots Treated with Insecticides to Control Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
B. W. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
General Linear Models ◽  
Period Data

Abstract Sites near Aurora and Lake Andes, SD were chosen to evaluate Furadan 4F applied post-emergence to corn in comparison of at-plant applications and standard granular insecticide compounds. Insecticide treatments included at-planting applications (Counter 15G, Furadan 15G, and Lorsban 15G) using a 7 to 9 inch band, and Furadan 4F broadcast applied post-emergence at cultivation. All treatments were made at 1.0 lb(AI)/acre. Experimental design was a RCB replicated 4 times. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 50 ft long rows spaced 38 inches apart. Insecticide granules were applied with modified, ground-driven Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. At-plant granular treatments were banded in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Collection of these beetles were made weekly throughout the July and August peak emergence period. Data were analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure with total emergence (per cage) means compared with DMRT.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Planting-Time Soil Insecticide Applications for Controlling Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
B. W. Fuller ◽  
M. A. Boetel ◽  
M. A. Catangui ◽  
J. M. Jenson ◽  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Design For All

Abstract Efficacy trials were conducted at 5 locations (Aurora, Bruce, Cavour, Delmont, and Garretson) in SD. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 12.2 m to 15.2 m in length, and spaced 96.5 cm apart. Experimental design for all studies was a RCB with 4 replications. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially-adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. Metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. Liquid insecticides were applied using CO2-powered delivery systems individually mounted on each row of the planter. Each system was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa. Banded insecticide treatments (granular or liquid) were applied in an 18-cm swath over the open seed furrow (T-band) in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and were incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Infurrow treatments were placed directly between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Pioneer IR-3751 (100-day) corn seed was planted at a rate of 23,000 kernels per acre at all study locations. Five roots per replication were dug, washed, and rated using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale to measure rootworm larval damage. Root injury ratings were recorded and analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models procedure, and DMRT was used to compare treatment means.

scholarly journals Influence of Deleterious Rhizobacteria on Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Roots

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Brinkman ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Robert J. Kremer
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
North Central ◽  
Deleterious Rhizobacteria ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Central South

Rhizobacteria have been shown to be phytotoxic to leafy spurge in laboratory assays. This field study investigated the influence of two strains ofPseudomonas fluorescens[Trevisan, (Migula)], deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB), on root weight, root bud number, and root carbohydrate content of leafy spurge at three sites located in northeast and north-central South Dakota. Soils were inoculated with 2 g of starch-based granules containing no bacteria or starch granules containing 108colony-forming units (cfu)/g of either bacterial strain LS102 (Montana origin) or LS174 (South Dakota origin). Bacterial strains were detected on root samples from treated areas. Root weight and root carbohydrate content were reduced about 20% compared to roots from control plots.

Abundance, vegetation, and environment of four patch types in a northern mixed prairie

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Umbanhowar Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Central South ◽  
Ant Mounds

The importance of concurrent disturbances to the maintenance of plant species diversity in grasslands has been emphasized by several authors, but there are few studies comparing different disturbances at the same site. In this study the size, abundance, vegetation, and environment of thatching ant mounds, earthen mammal mounds, bison wallows, and openings in dry marshes are compared in a northern mixed prairie in north central South Dakota. Patch size and abundance varied considerably between patch types. Ant and earthen mammal mounds were the smallest but most abundant patch types. Bison wallows and dry marshes were larger and occurred less frequently than ant and earthen mounds. Different patch types occupied a similar amount of area. Ordination of patch vegetation revealed marked between-type compositional differences; ant and earthen mounds were dominated by vegetatively reproducing perennials, while annuals occurred more abundantly in bison wallows and dry marshes. Many species were restricted to either wallows or marshes. Levels of nitrate, phosphorus, soil organic matter, and other environmental factors varied significantly between patch types. Different patch types supported different groups of species, and patch vegetation was a product of mechanism of patch creation, patch environment, and location. Key words: ant mounds, disturbance, earthen mounds, northern mixed prairie, patches, potholes, wallows.

scholarly journals Robustness of zero-augmented models over generalized linear models in analysing fertility data in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Olushola Kareem ◽  
Imran O. Morhason-Bello ◽  
Ayo Stephen Adebowale ◽  
Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi ◽  
Oyindamola Bidemi Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
Number Of Zeros ◽  
North East ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Central South

Abstract Objective Fertility is a count data usually rightly skewed and exhibiting large number of zeros than the distributional assumption of the generalized linear models (GLMs). This study examined the robustness of zero-augmented models over GLMs to fit fertility data across regions in Nigeria. The 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data were used. The fertility models fitted included: Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, hurdle Poisson and hurdle negative binomial. Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) were used to identify the model with best fit (α = 0.05). Results The percentage of zero count in the fertility responses were 21.3, 23.9, 31.1, 30.7, 37.6 and 42.4 in North West, North East, North Central, South West, South South and South East regions respectively. In all the six regions in Nigeria, the zero-augmented models were better than the generalized linear models except for North Central. Extensively, the zero-augmented negative binomial based models were of better fit than their Poisson based counterparts; or in rare cases maybe indistinguishable. However, specific family of zero-augmented model is recommended for each region in Nigeria.

Seasonal movements and home ranges of white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Grovenburg ◽  
J. A. Jenks ◽  
R. W. Klaver ◽  
C. C. Swanson ◽  
C. N. Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
North Central ◽  
Seasonal Movements ◽  
Central South

Knowledge of movement patterns of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) inhabiting landscapes intensively modified by agricultural systems is important to the present and future understanding of deer ecology. Little information exists regarding daily and seasonal movements of white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota. Therefore, our goal was to determine movement patterns and home-range use of female white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota. From January 2005 to January 2007, 29 adult (>18 months) and 13 yearling (8–18 months) white-tailed deer were monitored for movement using radiotelemetry. We collected 2822 locations, calculated 76 home ranges, and documented 50 seasonal movements. Mean migration distance between summer and winter home ranges was 19.4 km (SE = 2.0 km). Mean 95% home-range size was 10.2 km2 (SE = 1.2 km2, n = 27) during winter and 9.2 km2 (SE = 1.0 km2, n = 49) during summer. Ambient temperature appeared to be a primary cause of seasonal migration. Additionally, movements exhibited by white-tailed deer in north-central South Dakota were influenced by a highly fragmented landscape dominated by row crops and pasture or grassland.

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