scholarly journals Reducing Drink Drive Accidents: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Peter Marks ◽  
Debi Prasad ◽  
Roger Williams
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Uk

A strong evidence-based case is made for a reduction in the drink driving blood alcohol concentration (BAC), currently in the UK 80 mg to 50 mg per 100 ml which worldwide has been shown to decrease the number of drink driving including fatal accidents. An even lower BAC of 20 mg per 100 ml is recommended for the younger novice representing 7% of driving licence holders in the UK but involved in 20% of fatal and serious collisions. The danger of binge drinking and of combining alcohol with other drugs such as cannabis and marijuana is emphasised and the harmful influence of simple energy drinks when combined with alcohol. The review also emphasises the need for enhanced police enforcement and more public awareness campaigns which to date have indicated growing public support for reducing the drink driving limits.

scholarly journals The prospects for sustaining evidence-based responses to the US opioid epidemic: State leadership perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Caton ◽  
Mina Yuan ◽  
Dexter Louie ◽  
Carlos Gallo ◽  
Karen Abram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background: The US 21st Century Cures Act provided $7.5 billion in grant funding to states and territories for evidence-based responses to the opioid epidemic. Currently, little is known about optimal strategies for sustaining these programs beyond this start-up funding. Methods: Using an inductive, conventional content analysis, we conducted key informant interviews with former and current state leaders (n=16) about barriers/facilitators to sustainment and strategies for sustaining time-limited grants. Results: Financing and reimbursement, service integration, and workforce capacity were the most cited barriers to sustainment. Status in state government structure, public support, and spending flexibility were noted as key facilitators. Effective levers to increase chances for sustainment included strong partnerships with other state agencies, workforce and credentialing changes, and marshalling advocacy through public awareness campaigns.Conclusions: Understanding the strategies that leaders have successfully used to sustain programs in the past can inform how to continue future time-limited, grant-funded initiatives.

scholarly journals The Prospects for Sustaining Evidence-based Responses to the US Opioid Epidemic State Leadership Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Caton ◽  
Mina Yuan ◽  
Dexter Louie ◽  
Carlos Gallo ◽  
Karen Abram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background: The US 21st Century Cures Act provided $7.5 billion in grant funding to states and territories for evidence-based responses to the opioid epidemic. Currently, little is known about optimal strategies for sustaining these programs beyond this start-up funding.Methods: Using an inductive, conventional content analysis, we conducted key informant interviews with former and current state leaders (n=16) about barriers/facilitators to sustainment and strategies for sustaining time-limited grants.Results: Financing and reimbursement, service integration, and workforce capacity were the most cited barriers to sustainment. Status in state government structure, public support, and spending flexibility were noted as key facilitators. Effective levers to increase chances for sustainment included strong partnerships with other state agencies, workforce and credentialing changes, and marshalling advocacy through public awareness campaigns. Conclusions: Understanding the strategies that leaders have successfully used to sustain programs in the past can inform how to continue future time-limited, grant-funded initiatives.

"Binge" drinking and blood alcohol concentration.

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S Naimi ◽  
Robert D Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol

scholarly journals The prospects for sustaining evidence-based responses to the US opioid epidemic: state leadership perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Caton ◽  
Mina Yuan ◽  
Dexter Louie ◽  
Carlos Gallo ◽  
Karen Abram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background The US 21st Century Cures Act provided $7.5 billion in grant funding to states and territories for evidence-based responses to the opioid epidemic. Currently, little is known about optimal strategies for sustaining these programs beyond this start-up funding. Methods Using an inductive, conventional content analysis, we conducted key informant interviews with former and current state leaders (n = 16) about barriers/facilitators to sustainment and strategies for sustaining time-limited grants. Results Financing and reimbursement, service integration, and workforce capacity were the most cited barriers to sustainment. Status in state government structure, public support, and spending flexibility were noted as key facilitators. Effective levers to increase chances for sustainment included strong partnerships with other state agencies, workforce and credentialing changes, and marshalling advocacy through public awareness campaigns. Conclusions Understanding the strategies that leaders have successfully used to sustain programs in the past can inform how to continue future time-limited, grant-funded initiatives.

The Importance of Alcohol Testing by Gas Chromatography vs the Cordebard Classical Method Modified in the Medico Legal Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2407-2410
Author(s):  
Dan Perju Dumbrava ◽  
Carmen Corina Radu ◽  
Sofia David ◽  
Tatiana Iov ◽  
Catalin Jan Iov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Alcohol Testing ◽  
Living Person

Considering the growing number of requests from the criminal investigations authorities addressed to the institutions of legal medicine, testing of blood alcohol concentration both in the living person and in the corpse, we believe that a presentation of the two methods which are used in our country, is a topic of interest at present. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the technical details on how blodd alcohol concentration is realised by means of the gas chromatographic method and the classical one, (Cordebard modified by D. Banciu and I. Droc) respectively. Another purpose of this article is to also show, in a comparative way, the elements that make the gas chromatographic method superior to the former one.

A Driving Simulator Study of the Performance Effects of Low Blood Alcohol Concentration

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wade Allen ◽  
Zareh Parseghian ◽  
Anthony C. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
And Performance

There is a large body of research that documents the impairing effect of alcohol on driving behavior and performance. Some of the most significant alcohol influence seems to occur in divided attention situations when the driver must simultaneously attend to several aspects of the driving task. This paper describes a driving simulator study of the effect of a low alcohol dose, .055 BAC (blood alcohol concentration %/wt), on divided attention performance. The simulation was mechanized on a PC and presented visual and auditory feedback in a truck cab surround. Subjects were required to control speed and steering on a rural two lane road while attending to a peripheral secondary task. The subject population was composed of 33 heavy equipment operators who were tested during both placebo and drinking sessions. Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed a significant and practical alcohol effect on a range of variables in the divided attention driving task.

4. Are a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 256mg/dl and Minimal Signs of Impairment Reliable Indications of Alcohol Dependence?

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Jones
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Driving Scenario

This article describes a drink-driving scenario where a woman was apprehended for driving under the influence (DUI) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 256mg/dl1 The correctness of this result was vigorously challenged by a medical expert witness for the defence, who was actually a specialist in alcohol diseases. Despite reanalysis to confirm the BAC as well as a DNA profile to prove the identity of the blood specimen, the woman was acquitted of the charge of drunk driving by the lower court. However, she was subsequently found guilty in the High Court of Appeals with a unanimous decision and sentenced to four weeks imprisonment. This case report illustrates some of the problems surrounding the use of expert medical evidence by the defence to challenge the validity of the prosecution evidence based solely on a suspect's BAC. In situations such as these, an expert witness should be called by the prosecution to clarify and, if necessary, rebut medical and/or scientific opinions that might mislead the court and influence the outcome of the trial.

A Review of Alcohol-Impaired Driving: The Role of Blood Alcohol Concentration and Complexity of the Driving Task

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri L. Martin ◽  
Patricia A. M. Solbeck ◽  
Daryl J. Mayers ◽  
Robert M. Langille ◽  
Yvona Buczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Alcohol Impaired Driving ◽  
Driving Task
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