scholarly journals Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging–based blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements in patients with Chiari I malformation: a system approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Alperin ◽  
Kirti Kulkarni ◽  
Ben Roitberg ◽  
Francis Loth ◽  
Naren K. Pandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Systolic Phase

Object A pilot study was performed to assess noninvasively the change in intracranial compliance (ICC) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with Chiari I malformation who undergo foramen magnum decompression. The working hypothesis was that the main effect of the decompressive surgery is a change in ICP. Noninvasive cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a motion-sensitive dynamic MR imaging technique that allows for visualization and quantitation of tissue motion and flow. The authors' group has used dynamic phase-contrast MR imaging to visualize and quantify pulsatile blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the craniospinal system. Methods A system approach has been used to characterize the hemodynamic–hydrodynamic coupling in the craniospinal system and to derive measures for ICC and ICP. Magnetic resonance imaging–based ICC and ICP values are derived from the ratio of the volume and pressure changes that occur naturally during each cardiac cycle. The authors conducted a prospective study of four patients, three of whom were studied before and after decompressive surgery; significant change in MR imaging–derived ICC and ICP values was documented in only one of the three surgically treated patients. A significant change in the dynamics of the intracranial volume change (ICVC) during the cardiac cycle, however, was observed in all three patients. In healthy individuals the ICVC waveform usually consists of the following sequence: monotonic increase in intracranial volume (ICV) during the systolic phase due to increased blood inflow, monotonic decrease in ICV caused by the onset of CSF outflow into the spinal canal, and increase in the venous outflow. A nonmonotonic decline in the ICVC waveform has been observed in all patients with headaches, and a relatively normal waveform was found in those without headaches or whose headaches were resolved or alleviated by the surgery. A “partial-valve” mechanism is proposed as an explanation for the abnormal ICVC dynamics. The monotonic decline in ICVC is interrupted by a “premature” reduction in the CSF outflow. This may be caused by a displacement of the hindbrain into the cervical spinal canal during the systolic phase. This obstructs the CSF flow at the later part of the systolic phase such that the ICV does not continue its gradual decline. Postsurgery, the ICVC waveforms presented a more normal-appearing ICVC dynamics profile. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of transcranial CSF and blood flow may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Chiari malformations and may prove to be an important diagnostic tool for guiding for the treatment of patients with Chiari I malformation.

Evaluating the Effect of Decompression Surgery on Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow and Intracranial Compliance in Patients with Chiari Malformation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Flow Studies

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
Noam Alperin ◽  
Sushma Surapaneni ◽  
Terry Lichtor
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intracranial Compliance ◽  
Chiari I

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effect of decompression surgery on craniocervical junction hydrodynamics and on global intracranial compliance (ICC) in patients with Chiari I malformation by use of magnetic resonance measurements of cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow. Studying the effect of decompression surgery may improve our understanding of the pathophysiological characteristics of Chiari I malformation and aid in identifying patients who will benefit from the procedure. METHODS: Twelve patients were studied with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner before and after decompression surgery. Cine phase contrast magnetic resonance images were used to quantify maximum cord displacement, maximum systolic cerebrospinal fluid velocity and volumetric flow rate, and overall ICC. ICC was derived by use of a previously reported method that measures small changes in intracranial volume and pressure that occur naturally with each cardiac cycle. RESULTS: After surgery, changes were documented both in the local hydrodynamic parameters and in ICC. However, only the change in ICC, an average increase of more than 60%, was statistically significant. Increased ICC, which was associated with improved outcome, was measured in 10 of the 12 patients, no significant change was documented in 1 patient, and decreased ICC was measured in 1 patient whose symptoms persisted after surgery. CONCLUSION: An increase in the overall compliance of the intracranial compartment is the most significant and consistent change measured after decompression surgery. Changes in cord displacement, cerebrospinal fluid velocities, and flow in the craniospinal junction were less consistent and less affected by the operation. Thus, ICC may play an important role in the outcome of decompression surgery related to improving symptoms and restoring normal neurological hydrodynamics in patients with Chiari I malformations.

De novo Chiari-I Malformation in Infants Demonstrated by Sequential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Amin-Hanjani ◽  
Sumeer Sathi ◽  
Michael Scott
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chiari I

scholarly journals Chiari I Malformation Associated with Turner Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamble Jayaprakash Harsha ◽  
Jeevan S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cough Headache ◽  
First Case ◽  
Chiari I

ABSTRACTTurner syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic disease due to the absence of one X chromosome. Patients with TS have more subtle neurological/neuropsychiatric problems, while headache is an uncommon clinical presentation which needs attention. We report a 12-year-old child presenting with typical cough headache. Her magnetic resonance imaging revealed Chiari I malformation associated with TS. To the best of our knowledge, Chiari I malformation associated with TS is not described in literature. We report the first case of TS associated with Chiari I malformation. Interestingly, Chiari I malformation is also associated with Noonan’s syndrome, which is a close morphological mimicker of TS, raising the possibility of sharing similar pathogenesis in both conditions.

Noninvasive intracranial compliance and pressure based on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid flow: review of principles, implementation, and other noninvasive approaches

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia B. Raksin ◽  
Noam Alperin ◽  
Anusha Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
Sushma Surapaneni ◽  
Terry Lichtor
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intracranial Compliance ◽  
Arterial Blood

Current techniques for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement are invasive. All require a surgical procedure for placement of a pressure probe in the central nervous system and, as such, are associated with risk and morbidity. These considerations have driven investigators to develop noninvasive techniques for pressure estimation. A recently developed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging–based method to measure intracranial compliance and pressure is described. In this method the small changes in intracranial volume and ICP that occur naturally with each cardiac cycle are considered. The pressure change during the cardiac cycle is derived from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure gradient waveform calculated from the CSF velocities. The intracranial volume change is determined by the instantaneous differences between arterial blood inflow, venous blood outflow, and CSF volumetric flow rates into and out of the cranial vault. Elastance (the inverse of compliance) is derived from the ratio of the measured pressure and volume changes. A mean ICP value is then derived based on a linear relationship that exists between intracranial elastance and ICP. The method has been validated in baboons, flow phantoms, and computer simulations. To date studies in humans demonstrate good measurement reproducibility and reliability. Several other noninvasive approaches for ICP measurement, mostly nonimaging based, are also reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging–based ICP measurement may prove valuable in the diagnosis and serial evaluation of patients with a variety of disorders associated with alterations in ICP.

Active spontaneous decompression of a suprasellar-prepontine arachnoid cyst detected with routine magnetic resonance imaging

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley P. Thomas ◽  
Matthew M. Pearson ◽  
Curtis A. Wushensky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Arachnoid Cysts ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Arachnoid cysts are congenital CSF collections that arise adjacent to arachnoid cisterns. These lesions can be incidental neuroimaging findings but may also cause symptoms and necessitate treatment, particularly in children. The authors present their experience with a male infant harboring a large suprasellar-prepontine arachnoid cyst who underwent spontaneous decompression into the ventricular system, as evidenced by a visualized CSF flow jet observed on routine MR imaging.

Hiccups Attributable to Syringobulbia and/or Syringomyelia Associated with a Chiari I Malformation: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitaka Seki ◽  
Kazutoshi Hida ◽  
JangBo Lee ◽  
Yoshinobu Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Foramen Magnum Decompression ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Cerebellar Symptoms ◽  
Intractable Hiccups

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Approximately 20 to 50% of patients with syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformations exhibit cranial nerve or cerebellar symptoms. However, hiccups represent a rare clinical manifestation of this disorder. We report a case of intractable hiccups resulting from syringobulbia associated with a Chiari I malformation, which was successfully treated with foramen magnum decompression. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We report the case of a patient who presented with syringomyelia and syringobulbia associated with a Chiari I malformation, manifested as intractable hiccups and neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated syringobulbia in the dorsal medullary region and a large cervical syrinx from C2 to C6–C7, associated with a Chiari I malformation. INTERVENTION Foramen magnum decompression and a C1 laminectomy were performed. One month later, the intractable hiccups disappeared and the neurological symptoms demonstrated improvement. CONCLUSION Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated enlargement of the subarachnoid space in the posterior fossa and disappearance of the syringobulbia. There has been no recurrence of intractable hiccups and syringobulbia in 6 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem is an important diagnostic procedure for intractable hiccups, because syringobulbia associated with a Chiari malformation represents a surgically treatable disorder, although the incidence is low.

Association of Chiari I Malformation, Mental Retardation, Speech Delay, and Epilepsy: A Specific Disorder?

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Grosso ◽  
Roberto Scattolini ◽  
Galluzzi Paolo ◽  
Rosanna Maria Di Bartolo ◽  
Guido Morgese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Chiari I

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The Chiari I malformation is defined as tonsillar herniation of at least 3 to 5 mm below the foramen magnum. Although Chiari I malformation is considered to derive from a mesodermal disorder resulting in underdevelopment of the posterior fossa relative to its content, evidence for a possible heterogeneous etiology also has been reported. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the relationship between Chiari I malformation and mental retardation, speech delay, and epilepsy to consider a possible specific pathogenetic background. METHODS Thirty-five patients with Chiari I malformations were identified by use of magnetic resonance imaging during a period between 1993 and 1999. The study consisted of nine patients (four boys and five girls) who were affected by mental retardation, speech delay, and epilepsy. All patients underwent electroencephalography and brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS All patients were mentally retarded with a mean intelligence quotient of 50. Seven patients had a positive history for speech delay, and five were epileptic. Electroencephalograms demonstrated abnormalities in seven patients. The mean tonsillar displacement was 10.1 mm. A thin corpus callosum and a wide cavum septum pellucidum were present in three patients. Neither hydromyelia nor scoliosis was observed. No correlation between the degree of the ectopia and clinical manifestation was noted. CONCLUSION The association of Chiari I malformation with epilepsy, speech delay, and mental retardation may not be a mere incidental finding but may be a marker for a different pathogenetic background.

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