Voice coarticulation as a function of place and manner of articulation in Russian

2021 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sergey Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Manner Of Articulation

The sound structure of verb roots in modern Hebrew

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Morgenbrod ◽  
E. Serifi
Keyword(s):  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Compound Matrices ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
The Relationship

I. SOUNDS IN MODERN HEBREW Hebrew shorashim – the triliteral roots – have already been analysed from many points of view, for example in Morgenbrod & Serifi (1976, 1977, 1978). The aim of this article is an examination of the sound structure of shorashim.In general we can divide the consonants which form the shorashim into two different types; concerning (a) the manner of articulation (e.g. plosives, nasals, etc.); and (b) the place of articulation (e.g. bilabials, labiodentals, etc.).In this study we have concentrated on position of articulation and ignore manner of articulation.In Figure I the consonants forming the shorashim are related to the different kinds of sounds according to Wendt (1961).In order to investigate the relationship between the sounds it is convenient to establish so-called compound matrices with a computer. All computation was done by a program in COBOL running on the SIEMENS System 4004. As material for our analysis we took 2443 shorashim from the sources Barkaly (1972) and Even-Shoshan (1972).

Durational contrast in gemination and informativity

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Sano
Keyword(s):  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Minimal Pair ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

AbstractRecent studies in Message Oriented Phonology (MOP) have provided increasing evidence that informativity plays a non-trivial role in linguistic behavior. This paper provides a case study of MOP focusing on the durational contrast of singleton and geminate consonants in spoken Japanese. In modern Japanese, short consonants (singletons) and long consonants (geminates) are lexically contrastive, and the durational properties of these consonants are affected by a variety of factors. This provides a useful test of the assumptions of MOP. Based on the assumption that the higher the informativity, the more robustly the contrast is phonetically implemented, this study examines the hypothesis that the durations of singletons and geminates increase or decrease according to the informativity of their durational contrast. The study confirms that (i) the distribution of singletons and geminates is affected by the manner of articulation and positional differences (morpheme-initial, medial, and final); (ii) the distributional differences follow from the informativity of contrasts as represented by Shannon’s entropy; and (iii) the durational contrast is enhanced by the presence or absence of a minimal pair.

scholarly journals Variation in the input: a case study of manner class frequencies

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT DALAND
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Ergodic Processes ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
Discourse Topic

ABSTRACTWhat are the sources of variation in the input, and how much do they matter for language acquisition? This study examines frequency variation in manner-of-articulation classes in child and adult input. The null hypothesis is that segmental frequency distributions of language varieties are unigram (modelable by stationary, ergodic processes), and that languages are unitary (modelable as a single language variety). Experiment I showed that English segments are not unigram; they exhibit a ‘bursty’ distribution in which the local frequency varies more than expected by chance alone. Experiment II showed the English segments are approximately unitary: the natural background variation in segmental frequencies that arises within a single language variety is much larger than numerical differences across varieties. Variation in segmental frequencies seems to be driven by variation in discourse topic; topic-associated words cause bursts/lulls in local segmental frequencies. The article concludes with some methodological recommendations for comparing language samples.

Phonetics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Suprasegmental Features ◽  
Sibilant Fricatives ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

This chapter discusses the articulatory and acoustic properties of the sound system of Standard Modern Persian. It starts with a brief review of early work on the sound system of New Persian and its development into Modern Persian. The second section examines consonants and vowels in Standard Modern Persian. In this section, issues such as place and manner of articulation of consonants, Voice Onset Time and its importance in distinguishing voiced and voiceless obstruents, the acoustics of glottal consonants, sibilant and non-sibilant fricatives, and rhotics are discussed. The section on vowels addresses vowel space, vowel length, and the acoustics of diphthongs in Standard Modern Persian. The phonetics of the suprasegmental features of stress and intonation are the topic a final section in this chapter.

scholarly journals Calibration of consonant perception to room reverberation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Vlahou ◽  
Kanako Ueno ◽  
Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham ◽  
Norbert Kopčo
Keyword(s):  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Phonetic Feature ◽  
Phonetic Categories ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
Small Advantage

AbstractPurposeWe examined how consonant perception is affected by a preceding speech carrier simulated in the same or a different room, for a broad range of consonants. Carrier room, carrier length, and carrier length/target room uncertainty were manipulated. A phonetic feature analysis tested which phonetic categories are most influenced by the acoustic context of the carrier.MethodTwo experiments were performed, each with 9 participants. Targets consisted of vowel-consonant (VC) syllables presented in one of 2 strongly reverberant rooms, preceded by a VC carrier presented either in the same room, a different reverberant room, or an anechoic room. In Experiment 1 the carrier length and the target room randomly varied from trial to trial while in Experiment 2 they were fixed within blocks of trials.ResultsCompared to the no-carrier condition, a consistent carrier provided only a small advantage for consonant perception, whereas inconsistent carriers disrupted performance significantly. For a different-room carrier, carrier length had an effect; performance dropped significantly in the 2-VC compared to the 4-VC carrier length. The only effect of carrier uncertainty was an overall drop in performance. Phonetic analysis showed that an inconsistent carrier significantly degraded identification of the manner of articulation, especially for stop consonants, and, in one of the rooms, also of voicing.ConclusionsCalibration of consonant perception to strong reverberation is exhibited through disruptions in perception when the room is switched. The strength of calibration varies across different consonants and phonetic features, as well as across rooms and durations of exposure to a given room.

Genetic and environmental effects in L1 phonological acquisitionThe case of consonant harmony in Greek child speech

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Tzakosta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Input Frequency ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Consonant Harmony ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Greek Child ◽  
Ambient Language ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

AbstractConsonant harmony (CH) is a phenomenon commonly found in child language. Cross-linguistically, Place of Articulation (PoA), specifically the Coronal Node, undergoes CH, while regressive harmony seems to be the preferred directionality that CH takes (cf. Goad 2001a, b; Levelt 1994; Rose 2000, 2001). In the present study, drawing on naturalistic data from nine children acquiring Greek L1, we place emphasis on the fact that multiple factors need to be considered in parallel, in order to account for CH patterns: Not only PoA, but also Manner of Articulation (MoA) contributes to CH; consequently, (de)voicing or continuity harmony emerges. Although regressive harmony is generally favoured, markedness scales and word stress highly affect directionality. Coronal, stop and voiceless segments trigger and undergo CH depending on their degree of prominence and their position in the word. Harmony can be partial or full, i.e. either place or manner or both place and manner of articulation are targeted. Progressive harmony emerges when the triggers belong to the stressed syllable or when they are stops. Cases of double, bidirectional and recursive harmony are also reported. In general, Greek CH patterns are the product of combined factors determined by phonological principles and input frequency in the ambient language. In other words, the degree to which Greek CH patterns are different from cross-linguistic findings depends on the combination of UG principles and language specific/environmental effects, as well as the prominence of certain of these factors over others.

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