Terms and conditions of high-mountain lake ice-cover chemistry (Carpathians, Poland)

AbstractWe discuss the results of an investigation of the chemical composition of the ice cover on the high-mountain lake Morskie Oko in the Tatra Mountains, Carpathians, Poland. In the years 2007–13, the ice cover was characterized by an average duration of 6 months, a thickness range of 0.40–1.14 m, and a multilayered structure with water or slush inclusion. In water from the melted ice cover, chloride (max. 69%) and sulphate (max. 51%) anions and ammonium (max. 66%) and calcium (max. 78%) cations predominated. Different concentrations of ions (F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+) in the upper, middle and bottom layers of ice were observed, along with long-term variability and spatial diversification within the ice layer over the lake. Snowpack lying on the ice and the water body under the ice were also investigated, and the influence on the ice cover of certain ions in elevated concentrations was observed (e.g. Cl− in the upper ice cover and the snowpack, and Ca2+ in the bottom ice cover and water body).

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Long-term changes in the hydrological regime of high mountain Lake Morskie Oko (Tatra Mountains, Central Europe)

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ◽

10.1515/johh-2017-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 146-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mariusz Ptak ◽

Dariusz Wrzesiński ◽

Adam Choiński

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Hydrological Regime ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Mountain Lake ◽

High Mountain ◽

Tatra Mountains ◽

High Mountain Lake ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

The Tatra Mountains

AbstractThe paper discusses changes in the hydrological regime of high mountain Lake Morskie Oko located in the Tatra Mountains, in the Tatra Mountains National Park, a UNESCO biosphere reserve (MaB). According to the research conducted in the years 1971–2015, its water stages decreased by 3.5 cm·dec−1, mean annual water temperature increased by 0.3°C·dec−1and the duration of ice phenomena and ice cover was reduced by 10 day·dec−1. No considerable changes in maximum values of ice cover thickness were recorded. Such tendencies are primarily caused by long-term changes in climatic conditions – air temperature and atmospheric precipitation. The hydrological regime of the lake was also determined by changes in land use in the lake’s catchment and its location in high mountains.

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Seasonal, annual and long-term variability in the water chemistry of a remote high mountain lake: Acid rain versus natural changes

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/bf00476855 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 359-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sabine W�grath ◽

Roland Psenner

Keyword(s):

Water Chemistry ◽

Acid Rain ◽

Mountain Lake ◽

High Mountain ◽

High Mountain Lake

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Seasonal Community and Population Dynamics of Pelagic Bacteria and Archaea in a High Mountain Lake

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.11.4299-4306.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 4299-4306 ◽

Cited By ~ 188

Author(s):

Jakob Pernthaler ◽

Frank-Oliver Glöckner ◽

Stefanie Unterholzner ◽

Albin Alfreider ◽

Roland Psenner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ice Cover ◽

Mountain Lake ◽

High Mountain ◽

Oligonucleotide Probes ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

High Mountain Lake ◽

Thermal Mixing ◽

Alpha Proteobacteria ◽

Dynamic Community

ABSTRACT The seasonal variations in community structure and cell morphology of pelagic procaryotes from a high mountain lake (Gossenköllesee, Austria) were studied by in situ hybridization with rRNA-targeted fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes (FISH) and image-analyzed microscopy. Compositional changes and biomass fluctuations within the assemblage were observed both in summer and beneath the winter ice cover and are discussed in the context of physicochemical and biotic parameters. Proteobacteria of the beta subclass (beta-proteobacteria) formed a dominant fraction of the bacterioplankton (annual mean, 24% of the total counts), whereas alpha-proteobacteria were of similar relative importance only during spring (mean, 11%). Bacteria of theCytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster, although less abundant, constituted the largest fraction of the filamentous morphotypes during most of the year, thus contributing significantly to the total microbial biomass. Successive peaks of threadlike and rod-shaped archaea were observed during autumn thermal mixing and the period of ice cover formation, respectively. A set of oligonucleotide probes targeted to single phylotypes was constructed from 16S rRNA-encoding gene clone sequences. Three distinct populations of uncultivated microbes, affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, were subsequently monitored by FISH. About one-quarter of all of the beta-proteobacteria (range, 6 to 53%) could be assigned to only two phylotypes. The bacterial populations studied were annually recurrent, seasonally variable, and vertically stratified, except during the periods of lake overturn. Their variability clearly exceeded the fluctuations of the total microbial assemblage, suggesting that the apparent stability of total bacterioplankton abundances may mask highly dynamic community fluctuations.

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Organic carbon and microbial food web assemblages in an oligotrophic alpine lake

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.1999.136 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Cristiana CALLIERI ◽

Roberto BERTONI

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Late Summer ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Microbial Loop ◽

Mountain Lake ◽

Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates ◽

High Mountain ◽

High Mountain Lake ◽

Population Peak ◽

Dissolved Form

Picoplankton, both autotrophic (APP) and heterotrophic (HPP), ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) were counted and their biovolume measured monthly over a 3 year period in Lake Paione Superiore (LPS), a high mountain lake in the Italian alpine region. Analyses of organic carbon, particulate and dissolved, were performed at the same time. APP were negligible and picocyanobacteria almost absent. HPP showed seasonal variations, with low numbers in winter/spring and maxima of nearly 106 cell ml-1 in August/September, corresponding to 60μg C l-1. Free-living, non- pigmented flagellates showed a density range from 104 l-1 to 106 l-1 with a prevalence of cells <3 μm. Their carbon ranged between 0.1-9 μg C l-1. Ciliate numbers ranged from 0.02 to 11 103 l-1. For much of the year different species of Urotricha were found. Conversely, Strombidium appeared during the ice-free period and Halteria grandinella under the ice, indicating a strict dependence on temperature. Carbon in the microbial loop of LPS (near the bottom) was mainly confined to bacteria (73%), with 20% in HNF and only 7% in ciliates. Total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, measured after the removal of net plankton, ranged from 0.26 to 1.77 mgC l-1 with a prevalence of the dissolved form (87% av.). The average particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration was 0.24 mg C l-1. All the components of the microbial loop showed a decline under the ice-cover. Bacterial carbon concentration was three times lower under the ice than in the ice-free season (7.9-24.4 μgC l-1, respectively); protozoa carbon too declined under the ice-cover (3.1-5.8 μgC l-1 for HNF and 0.4-1.7μgC l-1 for ciliates in the ice-cover and ice-free periods, respectively). The drop in the microbial-loop carbon occurring in late summer may be related to the presence of a Daphnia population peak. At that moment, the structure of the microbial loop is transformed by a top-down control of Daphnia.

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Hagelseewli: a fascinating high mountain lake — suitable for palæoclimate studies?

SIL Proceedings 1922-2010 ◽

10.1080/03680770.1998.11901392 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 1013-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.-H. Goudsmit ◽

G. Lemcke ◽

D. M. Livingstone ◽

A. F. Lotter ◽

B. Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mountain Lake ◽

High Mountain ◽

High Mountain Lake

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Patterns of the quantitative distribution of plankton heterotrophic flagellates in the high-mountain Lake Sevan (Armenia)

Inland Water Biology ◽

10.1134/s1995082912030066 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 250-256

Author(s):

N. G. Kosolapova

Keyword(s):

Mountain Lake ◽

High Mountain ◽

Heterotrophic Flagellates ◽

Lake Sevan ◽

Quantitative Distribution ◽

High Mountain Lake ◽

High Mountain Lake Sevan

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Perspectives for an integrated understanding of tropical and temperate high-mountain lakes

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1372 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (s1) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jordi Catalan ◽

John C. Donato Rondón

Keyword(s):

Global Change ◽

Freshwater Ecosystems ◽

Mountain Lakes ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Mountain Lake ◽

Tropical Lakes ◽

High Mountain ◽

Essential Difference ◽

High Mountain Lakes ◽

High Mountain Lake

High mountain lakes are extreme freshwater ecosystems and excellent sentinels of current global change. They are likely among the most comparable ecosystems across the world. The largest contrast occurs between lakes in temperate and tropical areas. The main difference arises from the seasonal patterns of heat exchange and the external loadings (carbon, phosphorus, metals). The consequence is a water column structure based on temperature, in temperate lakes, and oxygen, in tropical lakes. This essential difference implies that, in tropical lakes, one can expect a more sustained productivity throughout the year; a higher nutrient internal loading based on the mineralization of external organic matter; higher nitrification-denitrification potential related to the oxyclines; and a higher metal mobilization due to the permanently reduced bottom layer. Quantifying and linking these and other biogeochemical pathways to particular groups of organisms is in the current agenda of high-mountain limnology. The intrinsic difficulties of the taxonomic study of many of the organisms inhabiting these systems can be now overcome with the use of molecular techniques. These techniques will not only provide a much less ambiguous taxonomic knowledge of the microscopic world, but also will unveil new biogeochemical pathways that are difficult to measure chemically and will solve biogeographical puzzles of the distribution of some macroscopic organism, tracing the relationship with other areas. Daily variability and vertical gradients in the tropics are the main factors of phytoplankton species turnover in tropical lakes; whereas seasonality is the main driver in temperate communities. The study of phytoplankton in high-mountain lakes only makes sense in an integrated view of the microscopic ecosystem. A large part of the plankton biomass is in heterotrophic, and mixotrophic organisms and prokaryotes compete for dissolved resources with eukaryotic autotrophs. In fact, high-mountain lake systems are excellent model ecosystems for applying an investigation linking airshed to sediments functional views. Additionally, the study of the mountain lakes districts as functional metacommunity units may reveal key differences in the distribution of organisms of limited (slow) dispersal. We propose that limnological studies at tropical and temperate high mountain lakes should adhere to a common general paradigm. In which biogeochemical processes are framed by the airshed-to-sediment continuum concept and the biogeographical processes in the functional lake district concept. The solid understanding of the fundamental limnological processes will facilitate stronger contributions to the assessment of the impacts of the on-going global change in remote areas.

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