Least Square Analysis of Variance for the Assessment of Natural Consequences for Birth Weight, Weaning Weight, Yearling Weight, Pre-weaning Daily Weight Acquire, and Greasy Fleece Weight of Kajli Sheep in Pakistan

The current study was completed to analyze the effect of natural components on various improvement affecting traits of Kajli sheep in Pakistan. For this reason, we apply two huge contemporary datasets in sheep to explore factors that influence the traits. Therefore, the generation information record of 13715 Kajli sheep lambing accumulated from 1994 to 2010 at Livestock Experimental Stations Khushab and Khizarabad, Punjab. Information records were genuinely analyzed through utilizing PC modified Mixed Model Harvey’s Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood. The two farms information data was analyzed by utilizing an animal model program. The factual model was incorporated to evaluate the Birth Weight (BW), 120 days at Weaning Weight (WW), Pre-Weaning Average Daily Gain (PRADG), Yearling Weight (YW) and Greasy Fleece Weight (GFW). Year of Birth (YOB), Birth Season (BS), Birth Types (BT) and sex was the fix effect in the model. Results indicated that, the overall general values for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, pre-weaning weight and fleece weight were noted. Year of birth, type of birth, sex, and herd was influenced altogether significantly while, birth weight and greasy fleece weight, the period of birth showed no essential difference. In weaning weight and pre-weaning increment normally, year of birth, sort of birth and herd showed a critical contact except for sex. Male sheep were heavier than female sheep and single conceived sheep were also basically heavier than twins were during offspring birth. Results emulate that the Kajli sheep breed can be improved on through selection and further developed management. The cascade type of influence of the current investigation has levelheaded ramification not just for sheep farming by and by just as for intensified associate of boundaries which definitely convince deviation of weight, weight has become itself essential forecaster of in a matter of seconds wellness results. These outcomes displayed there are complex associations among hereditary qualities and ecological elements of parental, placental and fetal beginning. These are profoundly affected traits by maternal sustenance, genes, be concerned, the executive, environment, occasional diversity of seasons.

Indigenous Cosmologies in Light of New Epistemological and Political Trends of the Global South

The essential difference between indigenous religions and world religions is in the understanding of the “man-Nature” relationship. While the former perceive man as an equal actor in the establishment of cosmic harmony, placing him alongside all other living and non-living beings of creation, the latter place him in the centre of the world. The Christian religious tradition on the one side, and the Cartesian ontological dualism and methodological empiricism on the other, have strongly influenced the development of Western scientific thought. Over the past decades, the social sciences and humanities have made a great step forward: contributing to new interpretations of global economic and social laws, as well as of the hybridisation of ethnic identities, and starting to cooperate more closely with empirical sciences. The problem arises when self-indulgent introspection disqualifies any other type of knowledge as “non-scientific,” “local,” “romantic,” imperfect. At the beginning of the 21st century, the indigenous cosmology entered the political discourse and ideology of numerous social movements of the Global South. Based on a comparative analysis of three concrete indigenous cosmological and religious models (man vs. Nature relationship), this article seeks to draw attention to the need for a pluralism of mental concepts and social practices.

The Credit Problem in parametric stress: A probabilistic approach

In this paper, we introduce a novel domain-general, statistical learning model for P&P grammars: the Expectation Driven Parameter Learner (EDPL). We show that the EDPL provides a mathematically principled solution to the Credit Problem (Dresher 1999). We present the first systematic tests of the EDPL and an existing and closely related model, the Naïve Parameter Learner (NPL), on a full stress typology, the one generated by Dresher & Kaye’s (1990) stress parameter framework. This framework has figured prominently in the debate about the necessity of domain-specific mechanisms for learning of parametric stress. The essential difference between the two learning models is that the EDPL incorporates a mechanism that directly tackles the Credit Problem, while the NPL does not. We find that the NPL fails to cope with the ambiguity of this stress system both in terms of learning success and data complexity, while the EDPL performs well on both metrics. Based on these results, we argue that probabilistic inference provides a viable domain-general approach to parametric stress learning, but only when learning involves an inferential process that directly addresses the Credit Problem. We also present in-depth analyses of the learning outcomes, showing how learning outcomes depend crucially on the structural ambiguities posited by a particular phonological theory, and how these learning difficulties correspond to typological gaps.

Tangible Lighting Controls

<p>'Tangible lighting controls' is used as an umbrella term to describe lighting control systems that are easy to understand and pleasurable to use by end-users. The crucial question posed is, what is the nature of interface designs sought by end-users for maximising interaction with lighting control systems? The manner in which this question is posed implies a fundamental assumption that improved usability and end-user experience are the primary goals. The concept of end-user understanding of lighting control interfaces is proposed as a basis for improving the usability and end-user experience of lighting control interfaces. Usability engineering methods involving survey research, experimental mock-ups and prototyping have been used to enable end-users to design and evaluate lighting control interfaces. The essential difference is to include end-users' point of view about ease of understanding control functions and pleasure of performing control tasks along with a technical point of view about meeting required standards. Manufacturers' claims about the effectiveness of existing lighting control interfaces are challenged, and an entirely different way of thinking about interface design is revealed. Such a change of thinking may be seen as a new framework for improved designs of lighting control interfaces as well as evaluation of their usability and end-user experience.</p>

Tangible Lighting Controls

<p>'Tangible lighting controls' is used as an umbrella term to describe lighting control systems that are easy to understand and pleasurable to use by end-users. The crucial question posed is, what is the nature of interface designs sought by end-users for maximising interaction with lighting control systems? The manner in which this question is posed implies a fundamental assumption that improved usability and end-user experience are the primary goals. The concept of end-user understanding of lighting control interfaces is proposed as a basis for improving the usability and end-user experience of lighting control interfaces. Usability engineering methods involving survey research, experimental mock-ups and prototyping have been used to enable end-users to design and evaluate lighting control interfaces. The essential difference is to include end-users' point of view about ease of understanding control functions and pleasure of performing control tasks along with a technical point of view about meeting required standards. Manufacturers' claims about the effectiveness of existing lighting control interfaces are challenged, and an entirely different way of thinking about interface design is revealed. Such a change of thinking may be seen as a new framework for improved designs of lighting control interfaces as well as evaluation of their usability and end-user experience.</p>

Preliminary Petrological and Geochemical Studies of Dolerite Dikes at the Kara Astrobleme Central Uplift, Comparison with UHPHT Impact Melt Glasses (Pay-Khoy, Russia)

Recent find of the ultra-high pressure high-temperature (UHPHT) impact melt glasses among the impactites of the Kara astrobleme has a high interest in nicely preserved 70 Ma glass with potentially unusual structure and properties. By the moment, it is important to understand about the substance source for the UHPHT glasses. The Kara target is characterized with complicated rock material preferably presented with Paleozoic sedimentary units. At the same time, the target has in a sequence Devonian sills and dikes of gabbro-dolerites. The latter appear on the surface at the Kara dome being a material which probably have been affected by the most strong impact. Here we for the first time describe the results of preliminary analysis of petrological and geochemical features of the magmatic dikes of the central uplift with the aim to understand their probable genetic source for the UHPHT impact melt veins matter. The provided studies point to essential difference between the compared materials, that means the UHPHT impact melts do not correspond to the magmatic material of the Khengursky complex of gabbro-dolerites of the Pay-Khoy Ridge (Russia).

Loss of wings induces the expression of the worker-like phenotype in queens of a ponerine ant

Many highly-eusocial insect species are characterized by morphological differences between females. This is especially pronounced in ants where queens usually possess a fully developed thorax with wings and are specialized for reproduction while workers have a reduced thorax without wings and show various levels of reproductive degeneration that is associated with their helper role in the colony. Despite their morphological differentiation, queens and workers still show some plasticity leading to overlapping behavioral and physiological phenotypes. We investigated the level of queen plasticity and the factor that induces a worker-like phenotype in the ant species Harpegnathos saltator that has limited queen-worker dimorphism and workers that can assume the reproductive role of a queen in the colony. By comparing alate and dealate young queens, so-called gynes, we found that the loss of wings initiated the expression of behavioral and physiological characteristics of ant workers. In contrast to alate gynes, dealate gynes displayed higher frequencies of worker-like behaviors. In addition, dealate gynes showed a worker-like range of reproductive states unlike alate gynes. Like workers, dealate gynes lost the chemical signaling that is characteristic of alate gynes. Since gynes can activate this worker-like phenotype after wing loss, the essential difference between the ant queens and workers in this species with limited queen-worker dimorphism is a dispersal polyphenism. If the phenotypic plasticity observed in H. saltator is representative of the early stages of ant eusociality, an emerging dispersal dimorphism rather than a distinct reproductive dimorphism might represent one of the first steps in ant evolution.

On the meaning of EPR’s Reality Criterion

This essay has two main claims about EPR’s Reality Criterion. First, we claim that the application of the Reality Criterion makes an essential difference between the EPR argument and Einstein’s later arguments against quantum mechanics. We show that while the EPR argument, making use of the Reality Criterion, does derive that certain interpretations of quantum mechanics are incomplete, Einstein’s later arguments, making no use of the Reality Criterion, do not prove incompleteness, but rather point to the inadequacy of the Copenhagen interpretation. We take this fact as an indication that the Reality Criterion is a crucial, indispensable component of the incompleteness argument(s). The second claim is more substantive. We argue that the Reality Criterion is a special case of the Common Cause Principle. Finally, we relate this proposal to Tim Maudlin’s recent assertion that the Reality Criterion is an analytic truth.

Partial-Structure-Oriented Work-Energy Theorem Based Characteristic Mode Theory for Yagi-Uda Array Antennas

Partial-structure-oriented work-energy theorem (WET) governing the work-energy transformation process of Yagi-Uda array antennas is derived. Driving power as the source to sustain a steady work-energy transformation is introduced. Employing WET and driving power, the essential difference between the working mechanisms of scattering objects and Yagi-Uda array antennas is revealed. The difference exposes that the conventional characteristic mode theory (CMT) for scattering objects cannot be directly applied to Yagi-Uda array antennas. Under WET framework, this paper proposes a generalized CMT for Yagi-Uda antennas. By orthogonalizing driving power operator (DPO), the WET-based CMT can construct a set of energy-decoupled characteristic modes (CMs) for an objective Yagi-Uda antenna, and then can provide an effective modal analysis for the Yagi-Uda antenna. In addition, a uniform interpretation for the physical meaning of the characteristic values / modal significances (MSs) of metallic, material, and metal-material composite Yagi-Uda antennas is also obtained by employing the WET-based modal decomposition and the field-current interaction expression of driving power.

Partial-Structure-Oriented Work-Energy Theorem Based Characteristic Mode Theory for Yagi-Uda Array Antennas

Partial-structure-oriented work-energy theorem (WET) governing the work-energy transformation process of Yagi-Uda array antennas is derived. Driving power as the source to sustain a steady work-energy transformation is introduced. Employing WET and driving power, the essential difference between the working mechanisms of scattering objects and Yagi-Uda array antennas is revealed. The difference exposes that the conventional characteristic mode theory (CMT) for scattering objects cannot be directly applied to Yagi-Uda array antennas. Under WET framework, this paper proposes a generalized CMT for Yagi-Uda antennas. By orthogonalizing driving power operator (DPO), the WET-based CMT can construct a set of energy-decoupled characteristic modes (CMs) for an objective Yagi-Uda antenna, and then can provide an effective modal analysis for the Yagi-Uda antenna. In addition, a uniform interpretation for the physical meaning of the characteristic values / modal significances (MSs) of metallic, material, and metal-material composite Yagi-Uda antennas is also obtained by employing the WET-based modal decomposition and the field-current interaction expression of driving power.