Quantitative Distribution of Verbal Structures with Reference to the Authorship Factor in Legal Stylistics

The paper aims at describing the findings and conclusions formulated in the analysis of the authorship factor in legal discourse. It is hypothesised that verbal structures show systemically varied distribution across legal discourse and the relevant distinctions run through the authorship categories. When it comes to the aim of the research it draws on the tradition of sociolinguistic methodology targeting issues related to language variation which follows the basic assumptions of functional grammar. From the point of view of the material covered by the analysis it contributes to the research on legal discourse and specifically on its specialised domain referred to as corporate, company or business discourse. It provides additional empirical data pointing to the non-homogeneity of the legal style and formal distinctions originating from rich contextual background. The study is conducted on the material of a custom-designed corpus of English legal texts, classified as secondary genres. Methodologically, the study makes use of the tenets of supervised search of digitalised corpora and automatic data extraction based on discrete units, subsequent identification of recurring longer contiguous and/or non-contiguous sequences, if any, built around the axis of specific verbal structures and finally qualitative comparative analysis (characterisation) of the material. The discussion presents sample data and focuses on the most salient categories, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The inductive approach confirms the formal divergencies in the communicative situation covered by the analysis. The findings encapsulate patterns and tendencies in the quantitative distribution of verbal structures depending on the authorship category. It may be concluded that authorship is a factor delineating distinctions as regards (i) the repertoire of grammatical instruments exploited (verbal structures), which contributes to the specific stylistic profile of given authors. This shows that the thesis posed is verified positively and the study shows further, more detailed distinctions running through groups of subcategories distinguished within the authorship categories specified upon the start of the research.

Quantitative Distribution of English and Indonesian Motion Verbs and Its Typological Implications: A case study with the English and Indonesian versions of the Twilight novel

This paper investigates the quantitative distribution (type and token frequencies, and type-per-token ratio [TTR]) of motion verbs found in English and Indonesian versions of the novel Twilight (Meyer, 2005; Sari, 2008). The study is contextualized within two divergent views on the typological characteristics of Indonesian lexicalization patterns of motion events. One study (Son, 2009) suggests that Indonesian behaves like English, representing a satellite-framed pattern (i.e., lexicalizing Manner of motion in the main verb) while another study (Wienold, 1995) argues for the verb-framed nature of Indonesian (i.e., lexicalizing Path of motion in the main verb). We seek to offer a quantitative perspective to these two proposals. Our study shows that, compared to English, Indonesian has significantly higher number (i.e., types) and occurrences (i.e., tokens) of Path verbs (reflecting the verb-framed pattern). Moreover, the higher TTR value of Path verbs for Indonesian shows a greater lexical diversity in the inventory of Indonesian Path verbs compared to English. In contrast, the English Manner verbs are significantly higher in number and in token frequency than Indonesian (suggesting the satellite-framed pattern), and show greater lexical diversity given the higher TTR value. While these findings lean toward supporting the verb-framed pattern of Indonesian (Wienold, 1995), we caution with the limitation of our conclusion and offer suggestions for future study.

Semantics and syntax of quantitative groups in the german language

The work deals with the groups in which the first noun eine Gruppe has a quantitative meaning (eine Gruppe + Subst.Plural), and the second is a countable noun. The analysis of word combinations consisting of two nouns makes it possible to pose and clarify many questions regarding the interaction of syntax and semantics. The corpus of journalistic texts allowed us to see the quantitative distribution of the models on the basis of which the combinations with the noun Gruppe are organized. The combinations without a definition before the second component were organized according to the following models: eine Gruppe + Subst.Plural (eine Gruppe Menschen); eine Gruppe + von + Subst.Plural (eine Gruppe von Menschen); eine Gruppe + Subst.Adj.Plural / Subst.Part.Plural (eine Gruppe Freiwilliger); eine Gruppe + von + Subst.Adj.Plural / Subst.Part.Plural (eine Gruppe von Freiwilligen); The combinations that have a definition before the second component were organized according to the models: eine Gruppe + Adj. / Part. + Subst.Plural (eine Gruppe fleißiger / fleißige Studenten); eine Gruppe + von + Adj. / Part. + Subst.Plural (eine Gruppe von fleißigen Studenten). In our work, the principles of construction and lexical filling of the quantitative group with the noun Gruppe were shown, the mechanism of their use by native speakers was demonstrated. During the research, the noun was tested for compatibility with the names of different semantic groups. We have identified permanent semantic relationships with other names that enter into characteristic syntactic relationships with it.

Single concentrations of particulate matter PM2,5 and PM10 in the lower layers of the atmosphereof Tobolsk

The aim of the work is to determine the single concentrations of particulate matter in the lower layers of the atmosphere of Tobolsk. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the amount of PM2,5 and PM10 in various functional zones of the city; to create schemes for the quantitative distribution of suspended particles throughout the city; to localize areas with high levels of pollution for further monitoring; to analyze the influence of certain meteorological indicators (temperature and humidity air) on the content of suspended particles. The measurements were performed according to the repeatedly tested method using the AIR TESTER CW-HAT 200 device. It is established that in the lowers air layers of Tobolsk the content of PM2,5 and PM10 is low, the average geometric values are 5 and 7 ug/m3, respectively, which is significantly lower than the established maximum single concentrations for this indicator. The lowest values were found in the industrial and utility and storage zones, the highest values were found near the highway zone and in the city center, which suggests that the main source of PM2. 5 and PM10 is vehicles. Two sites with an increased level of pollution by suspended particles were localized. There were no significant correlations between PM2,5 and PM10 concentrations and air temperature and humidity.

Groundwater Resources of Mukhrani Artesian Basin

The Mukhrani artesian basin is a reservoir containing high quality groundwater. Well-known aquifers and galleries are located within the artesian basin, which are one of the main sources of drinking and household water supply for the city of Tbilisi. The article summarizes the hydrogeological conditions of the Mukhrani artesian basin. The hydrogeological parameters of the productive aquifer were determined based on the results of studies carried out at the existing water intakes. A hydrodynamic map of the artesian basin was compiled. The spatial and quantitative distribution of groundwater resources in the basin has been estimated. Established dynamic (natural) resources and static (natural) reserves of groundwater.

Diatomological Mapping of Aurangabad Region for Unrevealing Drowning Mystery

Purpose:Drowning is the third unnatural cause of death in India. Drowning death is still considered as one of the most difficult to investigate, it requires the expertise in the pathophysiology and limnology. Long procedural protocol in laboratory analysis of vital organs and the site to obtain the victim and site-relation that creates a burden on the investigating agency. The presence of diatoms in the vital organs of the body helps to establish the pre- or post-mortem drowning death and the appearance of site-specific/unique diatoms for a region aids into locating the exact drowning site. The onsite identification can be solved by studying the diversity and preparing the diatoms map (D-map). Availability of D-map can help to reduce the investigation time and helps in confirmation of the drowning site.Methods:In the present study, samples were collected from the 12 water bodies in Aurangabad region M.S. India, and were acid digested, using Aqua regia solution containing HNO3: H2SO4 in 1:3 proportion in 20ml of water sample. Slides were prepared, mounted and microscopic analysis was performed using light and inverted phase microscope.Results:The D-map was generated and it featured 55 identified species, amongst the members of Nitzschia, Navicula and Cymbella were commonly found in many water bodies, while Craticula, Gomphonema, Tibetiella, Melosira, Pleurosira, and Mastogloia were restricted to only single water body. These unique diatoms can be used as site-specific indicators in drowning investigation of Aurangabad region. This study generated diatomic map for experimental water body present in Aurangabad region.Conclusion:These D-maps will be helpful in dispense a significant information about water bodies and their common as well as unique flora with a qualitative and quantitative distribution of diatoms. D- Map generated in this study can be harnessed to update knowledge of diatomology or diatoms database and generated data will aid in drowning investigation.

Ecological characteristics of the ringed seal of the Kara Sea

The quantitative distribution and features of the migration of ringed seals in the Kara Sea are analyzed. An estimate of the abundance, demographic and trophoenergetic indicators is obtained.