The Role Of Domestication And Maternal Effects On Sunflower Seed Traits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Traits

The role of domestication and maternal effects on seed traits of crop-wild sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus )

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hernández ◽  
L.I. Lindström ◽  
E. Parodi ◽  
M. Poverene ◽  
A. Presotto
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Wild Sunflower

scholarly journals Maternal effects alter the severity of inbreeding depression in the offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1838) ◽  
pp. 20161023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pilakouta ◽  
Per T. Smiseth
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Burying Beetle ◽  
Nicrophorus Vespilloides ◽  
Selection For

A maternal effect is a causal influence of the maternal phenotype on the offspring phenotype over and above any direct effects of genes. There is abundant evidence that maternal effects can have a major impact on offspring fitness. Yet, no previous study has investigated the potential role of maternal effects in influencing the severity of inbreeding depression in the offspring. Inbreeding depression is a reduction in the fitness of inbred offspring relative to outbred offspring. Here, we tested whether maternal effects due to body size alter the magnitude of inbreeding depression in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides . We found that inbreeding depression in larval survival was more severe for offspring of large females than offspring of small females. This might be due to differences in how small and large females invest in an inbred brood because of their different prospects for future breeding opportunities. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for a causal effect of the maternal phenotype on the severity of inbreeding depression in the offspring. In natural populations that are subject to inbreeding, maternal effects may drive variation in inbreeding depression and therefore contribute to variation in the strength and direction of selection for inbreeding avoidance.

scholarly journals Explaining discrepancies in the study of maternal effects: the role of context and embryo

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Ton GG Groothuis ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Bin-Yan Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects

White-tailed deer as the last megafauna dispersing seeds in Neotropical dry forests: the role of fruit and seed traits

Biotropica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Jara-Guerrero ◽  
Gema Escribano-Avila ◽  
Carlos Iván Espinosa ◽  
Marcelino De la Cruz ◽  
Marcos Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Traits ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Neotropical Dry Forests

scholarly journals The role of seed traits in determining the phylogenetic structure of temperate plant communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vandelook, ◽  
Miguel Verdú ◽  
Olivier Honnay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure

scholarly journals When mothers make sons sexy: maternal effects contribute to the increased sexual attractiveness of extra-pair offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tschirren ◽  
Erik Postma ◽  
Alison N. Rutstein ◽  
Simon C. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Genetic Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Quality differences between offspring sired by the social and by an extra-pair partner are usually assumed to have a genetic basis, reflecting genetic benefits of female extra-pair mate choice. In the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ), we identified a colour ornament that is under sexual selection and appears to have a heritable basis. Hence, by engaging in extra-pair copulations with highly ornamented males, females could, in theory, obtain genes for increased offspring attractiveness. Indeed, sons sired by extra-pair partners had larger ornaments, seemingly supporting the genetic benefit hypothesis. Yet, when comparing ornament size of the social and extra-pair partners, there was no difference. Hence, the observed differences most likely had an environmental basis, mediated, for example, via differential maternal investment of resources into the eggs fertilized by extra-pair and social partners. Such maternal effects may (at least partly) be mediated by egg size, which we found to be associated with mean ornament expression in sons. Our results are consistent with the idea that maternal effects can shape sexual selection by altering the genotype–phenotype relationship for ornamentation. They also caution against automatically attributing greater offspring attractiveness or viability to an extra-pair mate's superior genetic quality, as without controlling for differential maternal investment we may significantly overestimate the role of genetic benefits in the evolution of extra-pair mating behaviour.

Maternal effects and embryo genetics: germination and dormancy of crop–wild sunflower hybrids

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa N. Weiss ◽  
Samantha B. Primer ◽  
Brian A. Pace ◽  
Kristin L. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Wild Hybrid

AbstractGene flow between agricultural crops and related wild plant populations can produce hybrids which differ significantly from their wild counterparts in many life history traits, including seed traits. Seeds from wild annuals often possess significant dormancy, while cultivated varieties have been selected to germinate immediately under favourable conditions. Consequently, the dormancy characteristics of crop–wild hybrids could influence their survival, seed-bank dynamics and, ultimately, the extent to which crop genes persist in wild populations. Dormancy characteristics can be influenced by both maternal effects, as well as the genetics of a seed's embryo, which are the result of contributions from both parents. Here we focus on how maternal effects and embryo genetics affect seed dormancy in crop–wild hybrid sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). Using three laboratory experiments, we quantified the germination and dormancy of 15 crop–wild hybrid sunflower cross types, while also identifying achene characteristics that may influence the differential germination observed. We found that increased frequencies of crop alleles and the maternal effects imparted by hybridization can reduce dormancy, though the effect of increased frequencies of crop alleles was more pronounced in wild- and F1-produced than in the crop-produced achenes. The more open pericarp of the crop-produced achenes and the shorter relative distance that their radicles had to travel to germinate may explain some of the observed maternal effects. Finally, we generated hypotheses about how these results could affect survival and crop gene introgression in the field.

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