scholarly journals Research on blood oxygen activity in cerebral cortical motor function areas with adjustment intention during gait

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chunguang Li ◽  
Yufei Zhu ◽  
Wei Qu ◽  
Lining Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Gait Control ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Speed Adjustment

BACKGROUND: The study of the neural mechanism of human gait control can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of walking disorders or the improvement of rehabilitation strategies, and further promote the functional rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. However, the performance and changes of cerebral cortex activity corresponding to gait adjustment intentions are still not clear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to detect the blood oxygen activation characterization of the cerebral cortex motor function area when people have the intention to adjust gait during walking. METHODS: Thirty young volunteers (21 ± 1 years old) performed normal walking, speed increase, speed reduction, step increase, and step reduction, during which oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR), and total oxyhemoglobin (HbT) information in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) was continuous monitored using near-infrared brain functional imaging. RESULTS: (1) With the intention to adjust gait, the HbO concentration in the SMA increased significantly, while the HbT concentration in the medial-PFC decreased significantly. (2) In the HbO concentration, step reduction is more activated than the step increase in the left-PMC (p= 0.0130); step adjustment is more activated than speed adjustment in the right-PMC (p= 0.0067). In the HbR concentration, the speed reduction is more activated than the speed increase in the left-PFC (p= 0.0103). CONCLUSIONS: When the intention of gait adjustment occurs, the increase of HbO concentration in the SMA indicates the initial stage of gait adjustment will increase the cognitive-locomotor demand of the brain. The left brain area meets the additional nerve needs of speed adjustment. The preliminary findings of this study can lay an important theoretical foundation for the realization of gait control based on fNIRS-BCI technology.

Research on Blood Oxygen Activity in Cerebral Cortical Motor Function Areas With Adjustment Intention During Gait

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunguang Li ◽  
Yufei Zhu ◽  
Wei Qu ◽  
Lining Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Gait Control ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
The Right

Abstract BACKGROUND: The study of the neural mechanism of human gait control can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of walking disorders or the improvement of rehabilitation strategies, and further promote the functional rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. However, the performance and changes of cerebral cortex activity corresponding to gait adjustment intentions arestill not clear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to detect the blood oxygen activation characterization of the cerebral cortex motor function area when people have intention to adjust gait during walking. METHODS: 30 young volunteers (21 ± 1 years old) perform normal walking (NW), speed increase (DI), speed reduction (DR), step increase (PI) and step reduction (PR), during which continuous monitoring of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) and total oxyhemoglobin (HbT) information in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) using near infrared brain functional imaging.RESULTS: (1) With the intention to adjust gait, the HbO concentration in the SMA increased significantly (p=0.0029), while the HbT concentration in the Medial-PFC decreased significantly (p=0.0088). (2) In the HbO concentration, step reduction is more activated than the step increase in the Left-PMC (p=0.0130); step adjustment is more activated thanspeed adjustment in the Right-PMC (p=0.0067).In the HbR concentration, speed reduction is more activated than the speed increase in the Left-PFC(p=0.0103). In the HbT concentration, an increase in gait parameters is more activated than the decrease in gait parameters in the Left-PFC(p=0.0042).CONCLUSIONS: (1) When the intention of gait adjustment occurs, the increase of HbO concentration in the SMA indicates the initial stage of gait adjustment will increase the motion cognitive needs of the brain.(2) The right brain area, especially the Right-PMC, is responsible for step adjustment. While the left brain area, especially the Left-PFC, meets the additional nerve needs of speed adjustment. The increase in gait parameters promotes more blood oxygen metabolism in the Left-PFC to meet the needs of enhanced nerve activity. The preliminary findings of this study can lay an important theoretical foundation for the realization of gait control based on fNIRS-BCI technology.

Cortical Dipole Imaging of Movement-related Potentials by Means of Parametric Inverse Filters Incorporating with Signal and Noise Covariance

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miwa ◽  
T. Ohshima ◽  
B. He ◽  
J. Hori
Keyword(s):  
Tikhonov Regularization ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Spatial Filters ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Dipole Layer ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Noise Covariance

Summary Objective : The objective of this study is to explore suitable spatial filters for inverse estimation of cortical equivalent dipole layer imaging from the scalp electroencephalogram. We utilize cortical dipole source imaging to locate the possible generators of scalpmeasured movement-related potentials (MRPs) in human. Methods : The effects of incorporating signal and noise covariance into inverse procedures were examined by computer simulations and experimental study. The parametric projection filter (PPF) and parametric Weiner filter (PWF) were applied to an inhomogeneous threesphere head model under various noise conditions. Results : The present simulation results suggest that the PWF incorporating signal information provides better cortical dipole layer imaging results than the PPF and Tikhonov regularization under the condition of moderate and high correlation between signal and noise distributions. On the other hand, the PPF has better performance than other inverse filters under the condition of low correlation between signal and noise distributions. The proposed methods were applied to self-paced MRPs in order to identify the anatomic substrate locations of neural generators. The dipole layer distributions estimated by means of PPF are well-localized as compared with blurred scalp potential maps and dipole layer distribution estimated by Tikhonov regularization. The proposed methods demonstrated that the contralateral premotor cortex was preponderantly activated in relation to movement performance. Conclusions : In cortical dipole source imaging, the PWF has better performance especiallywhen the correlation between the signal and noise is high. The proposed inverse method was applicable to human experiments of MRPs if the signal and noise covariances were obtained.

Selective regional alterations in the content or distribution of neuronal and glial cytoskeletal proteins in brain of rats chronically exposed to 2,5-hexanedione

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Luz Hernandez-Viadel ◽  
Regina Rodrigo ◽  
Vicente Felipo
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Protein Map ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
System Hexane ◽  
Regional Selectivity

Hexane is used in many industrial processes and induces neurotoxic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system. Hexane is metabolized to 2,5-hexanedione, which is the neurotoxic agent. Continued exposure to hexane or 2,5-hexanedione results in loss of sensorial and motor function in arms and legs and to alterations in axonal neurofilament proteins. The effects of 2,5-hexanedione on different cytoskeletal proteins in different brain areas have not been studied in detail. The aim of this work was to study the effects of chronic exposure of rats to 2,5-hexanedione (1% in the drinking water) on tubulin, neurofilament NF-L, microtubule-associated protein MAP-2, and on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The amount of each protein was determined by immunoblotting and its distribution was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The results obtained show a regional selectivity in the 2,5-hexanedione effects on cytoskeletal proteins. NF-L content decreased in all brain areas. MAP-2 decreased in cerebellum and hippocampus and tubulin decreased only in cerebellum. GFAP decreased only in cerebral cortex, but its distribution was altered in cerebellum, with increased content in the granular layer and decreased content in the molecular layer. The area most affected was the cerebellum, where all the proteins analysed were altered. These cytoskeletal proteins alterations may impair the transfer of information involved in the regulation by the cerebellum of motor function and contribute to the altered motor performance in rats exposed to 2,5-hexanedione and humans exposed to hexane.

scholarly journals Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Premotor Cortex Improves Motor Function in Severe Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen M. Andrade ◽  
Larissa M. Batista ◽  
Lídia L. R. F. Nogueira ◽  
Eliane A. de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio G. C. de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Anodal Stimulation

Objective.We compared the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation at different cortical sites (premotor and motor primary cortex) combined with constraint-induced movement therapy for treatment of stroke patients.Design.Sixty patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups: Group A, anodal stimulation on premotor cortex and constraint-induced movement therapy; Group B, anodal stimulation on primary motor cortex and constraint-induced movement therapy; Group C, sham stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy. Evaluations involved analysis of functional independence, motor recovery, spasticity, gross motor function, and muscle strength.Results.A significant improvement in primary outcome (functional independence) after treatment in the premotor group followed by primary motor group and sham group was observed. The same pattern of improvement was highlighted among all secondary outcome measures regarding the superior performance of the premotor group over primary motor and sham groups.Conclusions.Premotor cortex can contribute to motor function in patients with severe functional disabilities in early stages of stroke. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT 02628561).

scholarly journals Localization of hand motor activation in Broca's pli de passage moyen

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. E1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Boling ◽  
André Olivier ◽  
Richard G. Bittar ◽  
David Reutens
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Central Sulcus ◽  
Motor Activation ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Hand Motor Area

Object The object of this study was to identify a reliable surface landmark for the hand motor area and to demonstrate that it corresponds to a specific structural component of the precentral gyrus. Methods Positron emission tomography (PET) activation studies for hand motor function were reviewed in 12 patients in whom magnetic resonance imaging results were normal. Each patient performed a hand opening and closing task. Using a computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction of the surface of each hemisphere studied, the relationship of the hand motor area to cortical surface landmarks was evaluated. Conclusions The region of hand motor activation can be reliably identified on the surface of the brain by assessing anatomical relationships to nearby structures. After identification of the central sulcus, the superior and middle frontal gyrus can be seen to arise from the precentral gyrus at a perpendicular angle. A bend or genu in the precentral gyrus is constantly seen between the superior and middle frontal gyrus, which points posteriorly (posteriorly convex). The location of hand motor function, identified using PET activation studies, is within the central sulcus at the apex of this posteriorly pointing genu. The apex of the genu of the precentral gyrus leads to a deep cortical fold connecting the pre- and postcentral gyri and elevating the floor of the central sulcus. This deep fold was described by Paul Broca as the pli de passage fronto-pariétal moyen, and the precentral bank of the pli de passage represents the anatomical substratum of hand motor function. Observers blinded to the results of the activation studies were able to identify the hand motor area reliably after instruction in using these surface landmarks.

scholarly journals Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism induced fahr’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Stuart ◽  
◽  
Harold Duarte ◽  
Zachary Gilbert ◽  
Damian Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Fahr’S Syndrome

Fahr’s Syndrome (FS) is a rare neurological disorder of abnormal calcium deposition. FS is most notably characterized by deterioration of motor function, neuropsychiatric impairment and seizures. These symptoms are primarily due to calcification of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Although there are currently no curative therapies, treatments are available which can significantly improve quality of life, making early diagnosis and identification of etiology essential. Hypoparathyroidism with intracranial calcification is extremely rare clinically. Here we present a case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism induced Fahr’s syndrome with classic symptomatology, imaging of examination findings and extensive cerebral calcifications. Keywords: Fahr’s Syndrome; idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

scholarly journals Transformation of speech sequences in human sensorimotor circuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 3203-3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Müsch ◽  
Kevin Himberger ◽  
Kean Ming Tan ◽  
Taufik A. Valiante ◽  
Christopher J. Honey
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Mental Rehearsal

After we listen to a series of words, we can silently replay them in our mind. Does this mental replay involve a reactivation of our original perceptual dynamics? We recorded electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity across the lateral cerebral cortex as people heard and then mentally rehearsed spoken sentences. For each region, we tested whether silent rehearsal of sentences involved reactivation of sentence-specific representations established during perception or transformation to a distinct representation. In sensorimotor and premotor cortex, we observed reliable and temporally precise responses to speech; these patterns transformed to distinct sentence-specific representations during mental rehearsal. In contrast, we observed less reliable and less temporally precise responses in prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex; these higher-order representations, which were sensitive to sentence semantics, were shared across perception and rehearsal of the same sentence. The mental rehearsal of natural speech involves the transformation of stimulus-locked speech representations in sensorimotor and premotor cortex, combined with diffuse reactivation of higher-order semantic representations.

HUMAN GAIT CONTROL IN SINGLE LIMB SUPPORT USING DIFFERENTIAL FLATNESS

2016 ◽  
pp. 539-547
Author(s):  
ELKIN YESID VESLIN DÍAZ ◽  
MAX SUELL DUTRA ◽  
JULES GUISLAIN SLAMA
Keyword(s):  
Human Gait ◽  
Differential Flatness ◽  
Gait Control ◽  
Single Limb Support
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