Monetary Policy of Central Banks during Global Financial Crisis

2010 ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
S. Andryushin ◽  
V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
Bank Of England ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The paper analyzes different regimes of monetary policy, which central banks realized in normal macroeconomic conditions, summarizes their pluses and minuses. During the global financial crisis central banks had to conduct unconventional measures of monetary policy. Their realization has changed the structure and values of central banks balance sheets that is shown on the example of statistical data of FRS, Bank of England, ECB, Bundesbank, Bank of Japan, Peoples Bank of China.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Approach of the Czech National Bank and the European Central Bank to the Effects of the Global Financial Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-46
Author(s):  
Andrea Cecrdlova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
European Central ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The latest global crisis, which fully erupted in 2008, can have a significant impact on central banks credibility in the long run. During the last crisis, monetary authorities encountered zero interest rate levels and, as a result, started to use non-standard monetary policy instruments. The Czech National Bank decided to use a less standard instrument in November 2013, when it started to intervene on the foreign exchange market in order to keep the Czech currency at level 27 CZK / EUR. However, the European Central Bank also adopted a non-standard instrument, when chose a path of quantitative easing in 2015 in order to support the euro area economy by purchasing financial assets. The question remains whether the approach of Czech National Bank or the approach of European Central Bank in the crisis and post-crisis period was a more appropriate alternative. With the passage of time from the global financial crisis, it is already possible to compare the approaches of these two central banks and at least partially assess what approach was more appropriate under the given conditions. When comparing the central banks approaches to the crisis, the Czech National Bank was better, both in terms of the rate of interest rate cuts and the resulting inflation with regard to the choice of a non-standard monetary policy instrument. The recent financial crisis has revealed the application of moral hazard in practice, both on behalf of the European Central Bank and the Czech National Bank, which may have a significant impact on their credibility and independence in the coming years.

scholarly journals Modeling Outcomes of Unconventional Monetary Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 10263-10268
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The paper presents a study of the outcomes of the unconventional monetary policy methods that the central banks of developed countries have been applying during and after the global financial crisis. Before the crisis central banks used the interest rate policy as their main tool. But the recent financial crisis has demonstrated the inefficiency of traditional methods (especially after the base interest rate has reached zero). Therefore in response to the global financial crisis, central banks of many countries have taken unconventional measures to overcome the crisis. The paper aims to study the main outcomes of unconventional monetary policy measures of the developed countries and formulate the recommendations for the developing countries. The following objectives are being met in the paper:to reveal the essence of the main mechanisms for implementing the unconventional monetary policy; to evaluate the efficiency of unconventional monetary policy in the US, Japan, United Kingdom;to model the impact of monetary policy of the European Central bank on the consumer price index in the Eurozone countries. Research methods: method of comparative analysis is usedto evaluate the efficiency of the unconventional monetary policy in the US, Japan, European Union and the United Kingdom.The model of themonetary policy impact on the consumer price index is based on econometric analysis and is constructed using the least squares method. The studied model includes both traditional and non-traditional methods.Observation period - quarterly data from 1999 to the second quarter of 2019. The results of the analysis show that unconventional monetary policy methods of the central banks of the developed countries reached major goals - to prevent bankruptcies of large financial institutions in national economies. Moreover, the results of the suggested model show that the European Central Bank policy has also reached its inflation target that supposed to stimulate economic growth; the most significant effect is observed in the first years after the launch of an unconventional monetary policy. At the same time the unconventional tools of monetary policy stimulate the extreme increase of the securities prices, which led to the “overheating” of the US stock market and the EU national bonds markets with the negative yield on government securities of several countries, which may become a trigger for a new global crisis in the future. The result of the analysis of monetary policy in Ukraine shows the limitations of the use of non-traditional measures for the developing countries.

scholarly journals Principled Policymaking in an Uncertain World

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Woodford
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Macroeconomic Theory ◽  
Policy Rules ◽  
Monetary Policy Rules ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This chapter examines the reasons for the focus on the analysis of monetary policy rules rather than on decisions about individual policy actions, as well as the extent to which such a focus continues to be appropriate in the light of subsequent events—changes in central banks' approach to monetary policy in the decades since the publication of the Phelps microfoundations volume, along with the reconsideration of macroeconomic theory and policy that is necessary in the wake of the global financial crisis. The chapter first explains why recognition of the importance of expectations led to an emphasis on policy rules in the theoretical literature before discussing possible types of policy commitments in the case of monetary policy. It then analyzes the theory of monetary policy after the global financial crisis and reframes the debate over policy rules versus discretionary policy by proposing an approach it calls “principled policymaking.”

The Global Financial Crisis and Central Bank Speak

2014 ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre L. Siklos
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Words are critical in how the public perceives the work of central banks and the quality of monetary policy. Press releases that accompany policy rate decisions and, where available, the minutes of central bank committee meetings, are focal points for the media in public discussions about the conduct of monetary policy. Using data from five countries, this chapter examines whether the language used by central banks has changed since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) began. Briefly, the findings show that concerns about financial stability peaked just as the global financial crisis reached its zenith. However, concerns over uncertainty about the current and anticipated state of the economy have also risen over time. More generally, central bank speak became more aggressive throughout the crisis years. More conventional expressions about the current stance of monetary policy took a back seat to other concerns in central bank policy statements and minutes.

The Global Financial Crisis and Central Bank Speak

2014 ◽  
pp. 592-613
Author(s):  
Pierre L. Siklos
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Words are critical in how the public perceives the work of central banks and the quality of monetary policy. Press releases that accompany policy rate decisions and, where available, the minutes of central bank committee meetings, are focal points for the media in public discussions about the conduct of monetary policy. Using data from five countries, this chapter examines whether the language used by central banks has changed since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) began. Briefly, the findings show that concerns about financial stability peaked just as the global financial crisis reached its zenith. However, concerns over uncertainty about the current and anticipated state of the economy have also risen over time. More generally, central bank speak became more aggressive throughout the crisis years. More conventional expressions about the current stance of monetary policy took a back seat to other concerns in central bank policy statements and minutes.

Transparency of Monetary Policy in the Postcrisis World

2019 ◽  
pp. 286-334
Author(s):  
Nergiz Dincer ◽  
Barry Eichengreen ◽  
Petra Geraats
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Forward Guidance ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Monetary Policy Transparency

This chapter analyzes whether and to what extent central banks have continued to be more transparent in their conduct of monetary policy in the postcrisis period. It presents a monetary policy transparency index, that measures the degree of information disclosure about various aspects of the policymaking process for 112 central banks from 1998 until 2015. Compared to previous research, the index has been updated, revised and refined to better capture developments since the global financial crisis, with and explicit focus on monetary policy, more emphasis on the timely disclosure of information, and greater granularity, including for forward guidance. The development and challenges of increasing monetary policy transparency are further analyzed in case studies of the European Central Bank, the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England, which illustrate how these prominent central banks have deployed greater transparency as a policy tool in the aftermath of the financial crisis.

Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Zero Bound

The preceding chapters have examined the deepened integration of emerging and developing economies (EDEs) into the international financial system in the new millennium and their changing vulnerabilities to external financial shocks. They have discussed the role that policies in advanced economies played in this process, including those that culminated in the global financial crisis and the unconventional monetary policy of zero-bound interest rates and quantitative easing adopted in response to the crisis, as well as policies in EDEs themselves....

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