Human Gait Indicators of Carrying a Concealed Firearm : A Skeletal Tracking and Data Mining Approach

There has been an increase in crimes involving illegal firearms in the last couple of years. Previous studies have found that most illegal firearms are carried in a concealed manner. The detection therefore of persons carrying concealed firearms is critical in maintaining security especially in public places. Literature indicates that disruption in gait is a major indicator used by security personnel to detect persons carrying concealed firearms especially those tucked on the hip. However, the specific gait parameters that are indicative have not yet been quantitatively determined. The purpose of this study therefore is to analyze the gait of persons carrying a concealed firearm tucked on the right hip and to quantitatively determine the gait characteristics associated with carrying the firearm. A simulation of persons walking while carrying a concealed firearm and when unarmed was recorded using Kinect V2 depth camera. The depth camera provided 3D spatial skeletal joint position features of tracked joints for the armed and unarmed scenario. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare these features. Further, the results of the t-tests were related to the anatomical planes of Motion. Results showed that persons carrying a firearm demonstrated disrupted gait characterized by right arm abduction, left arm adduction, right leg adduction and extension. These findings extend existing gait indicators which can be employed by security personnel to identify persons carrying concealed firearms.

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Finding the Right Bricks for Molecular Legos: A Data Mining Approach to Organic Semiconductor Design

Chemistry of Materials ◽

10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 969-978 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Christian Kunkel ◽

Christoph Schober ◽

Johannes T. Margraf ◽

Karsten Reuter ◽

Harald Oberhofer

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Organic Semiconductor ◽

Data Mining Approach ◽

The Right

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Research on Blood Oxygen Activity in Cerebral Cortical Motor Function Areas With Adjustment Intention During Gait

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32218/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chunguang Li ◽

Yufei Zhu ◽

Wei Qu ◽

Lining Sun

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Motor Function ◽

Brain Area ◽

Human Gait ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Gait Control ◽

Speed Reduction ◽

Speed Increase ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

The Right

Abstract BACKGROUND: The study of the neural mechanism of human gait control can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of walking disorders or the improvement of rehabilitation strategies, and further promote the functional rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. However, the performance and changes of cerebral cortex activity corresponding to gait adjustment intentions arestill not clear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to detect the blood oxygen activation characterization of the cerebral cortex motor function area when people have intention to adjust gait during walking. METHODS: 30 young volunteers (21 ± 1 years old) perform normal walking (NW), speed increase (DI), speed reduction (DR), step increase (PI) and step reduction (PR), during which continuous monitoring of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) and total oxyhemoglobin (HbT) information in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) using near infrared brain functional imaging.RESULTS: (1) With the intention to adjust gait, the HbO concentration in the SMA increased significantly (p=0.0029), while the HbT concentration in the Medial-PFC decreased significantly (p=0.0088). (2) In the HbO concentration, step reduction is more activated than the step increase in the Left-PMC (p=0.0130); step adjustment is more activated thanspeed adjustment in the Right-PMC (p=0.0067).In the HbR concentration, speed reduction is more activated than the speed increase in the Left-PFC(p=0.0103). In the HbT concentration, an increase in gait parameters is more activated than the decrease in gait parameters in the Left-PFC(p=0.0042).CONCLUSIONS: (1) When the intention of gait adjustment occurs, the increase of HbO concentration in the SMA indicates the initial stage of gait adjustment will increase the motion cognitive needs of the brain.(2) The right brain area, especially the Right-PMC, is responsible for step adjustment. While the left brain area, especially the Left-PFC, meets the additional nerve needs of speed adjustment. The increase in gait parameters promotes more blood oxygen metabolism in the Left-PFC to meet the needs of enhanced nerve activity. The preliminary findings of this study can lay an important theoretical foundation for the realization of gait control based on fNIRS-BCI technology.

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