scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE NATIONAL LIBERATION STRUGGLE OF THE OUN-UPA ON THE MILITARIZATION OF THE MODERN UKRAINIAN NATIONALIST MOVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
O.M. Sych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Liberation ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Liberation Struggle

scholarly journals Russian diplomacy and the liberal Russian press on the events of the Ten-Year War of Independence (1868-1878)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-85
Author(s):  
Ivkina Liudmila ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Liberation Struggle

The article examines Russia's position on the War of Independence in Cuba (1868-1878), which marked the beginning of a long process of national liberation. The tone of the reports of Russian diplomats from Spain and the United States was determined by the policy of neutrality and non-interference typical of Russia's foreign policy towards Spain after Аlexander II's accession to the Russian throne in 1855. Events of the liberation struggle of the Cuban people, methods and forms of liberation movement, the policy of the United States and Spain in relation to the war of independence in Cuba received coverage in the liberal Russian press, such publications as "World Illustration", "The Case", "The Herald of Europe". Articles and notes contained objective information about the events taking place in Cuba, expressed feelings of solidarity and support for the Cuban people, condemned the policy of Spain, which sought by any means to suppress the revolutionary process, criticized the Cuban policy of the United States, persecuted their vested economic interests and not interested in the independence of Cu-ba.

National Liberation Struggle

Guinea-Bissau ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Carlos Lopes ◽  
Michael Wolfers
Keyword(s):  
National Liberation ◽  
Liberation Struggle

scholarly journals Traditional Leaders and Zimbabwe’s Liberation Struggle in Buhera District, 1976–1980

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enock Ndawana ◽  
Mediel Hove
Keyword(s):  
National Liberation ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Liberation Struggle

AbstractThis article examines the role of traditional leaders during Zimbabwe’s war of liberation. Contrary to the generalisations that traditional leaders and their subordinates were either absolutely supportive of the liberation war or were against it supporting the Smith regime, this paper uses the case of Buhera District to demonstrate that traditional leaders and their subordinates contributed in various ways to Zimbabwe’s war of liberation. Guided by a combination of primary and secondary sources, the article argues that traditional leaders were in a dilemma because they were victims of the contending forces. However, they employed various survival tactics as they faced equally dangerous conflicting forces who put them in complex, ambiguous and contradictory relationships. The article concludes that the strategies and tactics employed by the Rhodesian Security Forces and the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army guerrillas had debilitating effects on traditional leaders and their subordinates during the liberation war.

scholarly journals Torture of terrorists? Use of torture in a “war against terrorism”: justifications, methods and effects: the case of France in Algeria, 1954–1962

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (867) ◽  
pp. 543-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaëlle Branche
Keyword(s):  
Algerian War ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Main Form ◽  
True Target ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
National Liberation Front ◽  
The Way ◽  
Terrorist Violence

AbstractDuring its war against the armed nationalist movement fighting for Algerian independence (1954–62), France made extensive use of torture, for which the main justification given was the terrorism employed by the National Liberation Front, even though such terrorist violence was neither the nationalists' main form of action nor the French army's true target. Research into the methods used and the aims pursued challenges that justification, shedding light on the way in which torture really operates in a war of this kind, even though the Algerian War has been presented as a model for many subsequent conflict situations.

The Continuing Struggle for National Liberation in Zaïre

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nzongola-Ntalaja
Keyword(s):  
Political Crisis ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Popular Movement ◽  
Major Argument ◽  
Reign Of Terror

The purpose of this article is to elucidate the factors underlying the rise of political opposition against the régime of Mobutu Sese Seko, and this should help clarify the background to the Shaba wars of 1977–8. The major argument is that these factors are intimately related to two major aspects of a continuous political crisis in Zaïre today, namely: the democratic struggle against Mobutu's dictatorship and reign of terror, and the popular movement for a ‘second independence’. In order to substantiate this argument, the article traces the growth of organised opposition to four interrelated phenomena: (1) the ideological split in the anti-colonial nationalist movement between ‘radicals’ and ‘moderates’, (2) the leadership struggle among the moderates themselves, (3) the neo-colonial character and tasks of the post-colonial state, and (4) the autocratic nature of Mobutu's oppressive rule.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN REVOLUTION AND STATE FORMATION: ON ISSUE OF THE PERIODIZATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF NATIONAL LIBERATION STRUGGLE OF THE EARLY 20th CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Political History ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The Times

The controversial issue of periodization of the political history of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century, including the period of the National liberation struggle and Ukrainian State entities during 1917–1922 is considered. Scientists and experts have not yet reached a consensus not only on determining the place, role and character of the Hetmanate in 1918 in the latest Ukrainian past, but also about the periodization of the Ukrainian political history of the 20th century, defi nition of the term and chronological boundaries of the Ukrainian Revolution and Ukrainian statehood, etc. The issute of the periodization of the National liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people from the beginning of the 20th century, the aspiration and purpose of which was to gain and assert its own statehood, had several main schemes, models and periodizations in the national historiography. However, disputes over defi nitions not only of the chronological framework of this historical path, but also of the interpretations and characteristics of its individual days, periods, and stages are still ongoing in the scientifi c community. It is up to me, that the times from 1917 to 1922 should be defi ned as one of the days of the Ukrainian political history of the 20th century, namely: The Day “National Liberation Struggle and Ukrainian State Formation (1917–1922 biennium)”. This title was due to historical processes and components, that took place in the specifi ed chronological period, the logic of interrelated events, factors and circumstances, objective signs of fl uidity, similarity and diversity of periods, the identity of the causal eff ects of both internal and external circumstances and infl uences, interconnectedness of cultural, social, ideological and political, and state-evolutionary factors of nation-wide signifi cance, the regularity of the beginning and end of the national-political breakdown, holding otvorchyh eff orts and organized struggle for their own rights to self-determination of Nation-Ukrainian people. It is the author’s conception of the periodization of this era, that would be discussed in this essay

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