Public Resistance in the National Liberation Movement of Poles in Right-Bank Ukraine in the First Half of the 1860s (From the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyiv)

The article covers important manifestations and specifics of the protest culture of the Polish community within the South-Western region of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 1860s on the basis of analysis and synthesis of information from the documents of "Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General" (f.442) and "Office of the trustee of the Kiev school district" (f.707) of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). Defending one's own cultural identity as a driver of national development is connected with the awareness of the political interests and goals of the liberation struggle of Poles. The unique influence of the Polish question on historical processes, the configuration of international relations in Europe during the "long 19th century" determines the relevance and scientific significance of the study and thinking of the history of Polish national and cultural movement. Comprehensive study of the Polish question in the European history of the 19th century is an important part of the scientific perception of interethnic contradictions and antagonisms in the Russian Empire and the reaction of European diplomacy and public opinion, a deeper understanding of the essence of Russian-Polish cultural and civilizational confrontation and its impact on Ukrainian national life. Following the three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793, 1795) most of the territories of this formerly powerful European state were incorporated into the Russian Empire, there was a fierce struggle for cultural and ideological dominance in the region. The Polish national liberation movement of the 1860s, which culminated in the January Uprising of 1863-1864, developed against a background of broad social and cultural resistance to Russian autocracy, manifested in such protest actions as mourning and serving panikhads for dead Poles, singing patriotic Polish songs and hymns, public wearing of national costumes, participation in anti-government manifestations and demonstrations, refusal to read prayers for the emperor in churches, and so on. Clergy and educators, as well as students and pupils, were the driving force behind this protest movement, which had an international resonance

The image of Qazi-Mullah in the poetry of A. I. Polezhaev (in commemoration of the 225th anniversary of the birth of Imam Ghazi-Muhammad)

The object of this research is the poems (“Erpeli” and “Chir-Yurt”) by A. I. Polezhaev. The authors explore the peculiarities of artistic presentation and interpretation of the image of the Muslim scholar and theologian, first imam of Dagestan and Chechnya, leader of the Caucasian highlanders – Imam Ghazi-Muhammad (Qazi-Mullah) in the poetry of A. I. Polezhaev. The relevance of this publication is caused by heightened interest and enormous controversy around the topic of the Caucasian War and its leading figures. It is noted the evolution of views on the liberation movement of highlanders headed by Ghazi-Muhammad can be traced on the works of A. I. Polezhaev. The article reveals Polezhaev’s perception of the activity of the imam as the manifestation of religious fanaticism. Herewith, A. I. Polezhaev describes the idealized image of Qazi Mullah in a hyperbolized form, objectively depicting his positive qualities. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that the analysis of the image of Imam Ghazi-Muhammad through literary works contributes to comprehension of the heroic concept of a real person in literature and profound understanding of the problem of historicism overall. The article leans on the contrastive method, which involves comparative analysis (subjective personal reflections and manifestations of the author are correlated with the historical facts).

ГРЕЧЕСКИЙ КОФЕ И ТРАДИЦИИ ГРЕЧЕСКОЙ КОФЕЙНИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

Статья посвящена кофе и кофейне в новогреческой культуре. Варианты названия кофе у греков встраиваются в определенный политический дискурс, открывающий различные грани длительного и незавершенного конфликта Греции и Турции. Похожие процессы «переназывания» напитка с использованием этнонима наблюдаются и в других балканских странах. Родившись из турецкой традиции, во времена греческого освободительного движения против османского владычества, греческая традиционная кофейня нередко становится местом, где обсуждаются пути развития нового государства и греческой идентичности. В наше время ракурс дискуссий смещается на противостояние различных партий и гендерный вопрос, что приводит к возникновению такого феномена как «женская кофейня», который впервые исследуется в данной статье. «Женская кофейня», с одной стороны, нарушает традицию, но с другой – лишний раз раскрывает неизменные черты и механизмы новогреческой традиционной культуры. The article is dedicated to coffee and coffee houses in modern Greek culture. Names of coffee types among the Greeks are embedded in a specific political discourse that sheds light on the long and unfinished conflict between Greece and Turkey. Similar processes of re-naming drinks with ethnonyms in their names are observed in other Balkan countries. A traditional Greek coffee house has its roots in the Turkish tradition. During the Greek liberation movement against the Ottomans, it often becomes a place to discuss the development of a new state and Greek identity. Nowadays, the focus of discussions is shifting to the confrontation between different parties and the gender issue, which even leads to the phenomenon of a “women's coffee house”, which is first explored in the present study. On the one hand, a “women's coffee house” violates tradition, but on the other, it once again reveals the constant nature and mechanisms of modern Greek traditional culture.

CONGRESSES HELD IN 1917 AND THE FORMATION OF THE TURKESTAN PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF MUSLIMS

The article on a scientific basis investigates the historical significance of the four congresses of Muslims of Common Turkestan, which took place in 1917. The history of the struggle of the Turkestan progressives and Jadids for the status of the country'sautonomy, the activities of the national political organizations created under the Provisional Government in Tashkent, Samarkand and the Fergana Valley is highlighted. The goals and objectives of the societies "Shura Islamia" and"Shura Ulama" are analyzed. In the course of the research, the essence of the growing national liberation movement in the Bukhara Emirate and the Khiva Khanate was revealed. The life activity of progressive Jadids is also revealed through historical examples. It is scientifically substantiated that the formation of the Turkestan Autonomous Government was the greatest achievement of the country's enlighteners and intelligentsia during this period

SUPPRESSION OF NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS IN FERGANA REGION BY TURKESTAN MILITARY DISTRCT IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX CENTURY

Fergana region had a very high position in the colonial system of the Russian empire in Turkestan. The most population in Turkestan lived in Fergana and the empire got a lot of profit from this region. But the national liberation movement in Fergana region had always been a big problem for the Turkestan colonial administration. The imperial government used the troops of the Turkestan Military District to keep public order and supression the uprisings in the region.