Gli psichiatri di Hitler. Un insight storico ed etico

2009 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Rael D. Strous
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Ethics Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Profession

- Many influential doctors including prominent psychiatrists played an important and pivotal role in the plans of the Nazi regime. This article examines their activities in helping to facilitate the two processes of sterilization and euthanasia and well as detailing the specific behavior and status of several of these members of the psychiatric profession. In addition, mention is made of the practice of the profession in Italy briefly describing the fate of some of the psychiatric patients, that of Jewish psychiatrists and those supporting the racist Nazi policies. Finally, reasons for why psychiatrists were so prominently involved are proposed as well as suggestion as to where they erred in ethical decision making. The importance of ethics teaching with a focus of history of the profession is advocated as well as a warning of the dangers of allowing political and economic pressures to affect clinical practice and judgment. Keywords: psychiatry, Nazi, Holocaust, euthanasia, sterilization, Italy.

Toward a Psychology of Moral Expansiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crimston ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey ◽  
Paul G. Bain ◽  
Brock Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Theorists have long noted that people’s moral circles have expanded over the course of history, with modern people extending moral concern to entities—both human and nonhuman—that our ancestors would never have considered including within their moral boundaries. In recent decades, researchers have sought a comprehensive understanding of the psychology of moral expansiveness. We first review the history of conceptual and methodological approaches in understanding our moral boundaries, with a particular focus on the recently developed Moral Expansiveness Scale. We then explore individual differences in moral expansiveness, attributes of entities that predict their inclusion in moral circles, and cognitive and motivational factors that help explain what we include within our moral boundaries and why they may shrink or expand. Throughout, we highlight the consequences of these psychological effects for real-world ethical decision making.

Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-72
Author(s):  
L. Syd M Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
High Rate ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Uncertainty

The relatively brief history of disorders of consciousness has seen two epistemic eras—the first was marked by certainty, both ethical and epistemic, about the vegetative state. The second era has been notable for its epistemic and ethical uncertainty. This chapter looks at the 21st century neuroscientific revolution in disorders of consciousness and its ongoing reverberations. Uncertainty about these disorders continues to increase. There are ontological and epistemic doubts about behavioral diagnosis, which looks for the contents of consciousness, or local states of consciousness, while trying to capture the global states of consciousness that are of most diagnostic and ethical interest. The scientific and medical uncertainty, and the high rate of misdiagnosis, complicate ethical decision-making for patients with these disorders.

scholarly journals Psychiatric patients requesting euthanasia: Guidelines for sound clinical and ethical decision making

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 150-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Verhofstadt ◽  
Kristof Van Assche ◽  
Sigrid Sterckx ◽  
Kurt Audenaert ◽  
Kenneth Chambaere
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Psychiatric Patients

scholarly journals Ethical Decision-Making of Health Professionals Caring for HIV-Infected People in Hunan, China: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangyu Huang ◽  
Deborah Koniak-Griffin ◽  
Honghong Wang ◽  
Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Infected People

Abstract Background: Numerous ethical issues surged the moment AIDS was discovered. As advocates of HIV-infected people, health professionals encounter many ethical dilemmas in clinical practice. However, it remains unclear how health professionals solve these issues. To explore the ethical decision-making experiences of health professionals who care for HIV-infected people in Hunan Province, China, and to discuss the strategies for enhancing ethical decision-making competence in AIDS care. Methods: This descriptive qualitative research adopted semi-structured, in-depth interview and thematic analysis. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling. In total, twenty-two participants completed the interview. Results: Three themes emerged from data analyses of the interviews: (1) common ethical dilemma experienced by health professionals, (2) factors influencing ethical judgment, (3) ethical motivations. Conclusion: About two thirds of informants failed to recall ethical dilemmas experienced in their clinical practice. Emotions, gender, occupation, and difficulty balancing different roles may influence the ethical judgments of health professionals. In the ethical decision-making process, most informants took other people’s interests into consideration and conformed to law and professional codes of conduct. However, negative attitudes towards HIV-infected people still exist among a few professionals. Furthermore, some informants showed a misunderstanding of ethical principles. And the fear of medical disputes (conflicts with families and others) was experienced by many informants, influencing their ethical behaviors. Hence, more efforts are needed to eliminate negative attitudes towards HIV-infected patients. This study underscores the importance of continuing ethical education for HIV/AIDS-related professionals to enhance their ethical decision-making competence. Moreover, sound governmental laws may promote ethical behavior in AIDS care.

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