Risk of Seizures after Immunization with Vaccine in Children

Adverse neurological event particularly seizure after vaccination is not uncommon. The most linked vaccines are Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus toxoid (DPT), Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) and other combination vaccines. It is documented that increased febrile seizure after DPT and MMR vaccine is due to increase febrile episodes precipitating seizure and it is time related. Concomitant administration of vaccines cause seizure due to synergistic effect of those vaccines. When these vaccines are given separately, the risk of seizure is decreased. These type of vaccines are MMR + varicella (MMRV), DTaP-HepB-IPV etc. Regarding etiology, genetic mutation is most important. Some genes are closely related to vaccine induced FS and afebrile seizure like SCN1A, SCN2A, IFI44L, PCDH19 etc. Other causes are endotoxin mediated endothelial damage, IL-1â production and non CNS infection. It is well evident that consequences of not giving vaccine are far more than the adverse events. So Vaccinations should be performed without contraindication in children with previous febrile and afebrile seizures with proper counseling. Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :40-47

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Concomitant administration of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) and measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine: Randomized study in toddlers in Taiwan

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.085 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (41) ◽

pp. 5363-5369 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Li-Min Huang ◽

Tzou-Yien Lin ◽

Cheng-Hsun Chiu ◽

Nan-Chang Chiu ◽

Po-Yen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Concomitant Administration ◽

Chimeric Virus ◽

Mmr Vaccine

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Safety and Immunogenicity of Coadministering a Combined Meningococcal Serogroup C andHaemophilus influenzaeType b Conjugate Vaccine with 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine at 12 Months of Age

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00516-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 367-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Elizabeth Miller ◽

Nick Andrews ◽

Pauline Waight ◽

Helen Findlow ◽

Lindsey Ashton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Concomitant Administration ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Bactericidal Antibody ◽

Polyribosylribitol Phosphate ◽

Systemic Symptoms ◽

To Receive

ABSTRACTThe coadministration of the combined meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC)/Haemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) vaccine with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at 12 months of age was investigated to assess the safety and immunogenicity of this regimen compared with separate administration of the conjugate vaccines. Children were randomized to receive MCC/Hib vaccine alone followed 1 month later by PCV7 with MMR vaccine or to receive all three vaccines concomitantly. Immunogenicity endpoints were MCC serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers of ≥8, Hib-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) IgG antibody concentrations of ≥0.15 μg/ml, PCV serotype-specific IgG concentrations of ≥0.35 μg/ml, measles and mumps IgG concentrations of >120 arbitrary units (AU)/ml, and rubella IgG concentrations of ≥11 AU/ml. For safety assessment, the proportions of children with erythema, swelling, or tenderness at site of injection or fever or other systemic symptoms for 7 days after immunization were compared between regimens. No adverse consequences for either safety or immunogenicity were demonstrated when MCC/Hib vaccine was given concomitantly with PCV and MMR vaccine at 12 months of age or separately at 12 and 13 months of age. Any small differences in immunogenicity were largely in the direction of a higher response when all three vaccines were given concomitantly. For systemic symptoms, there was no evidence of an additive effect; rather, any differences between schedules showed benefit from the concomitant administration of all three vaccines, such as lower overall proportions with postvaccination fevers. The United Kingdom infant immunization schedule now recommends that these three vaccines may be offered at one visit at between 12 and 13 months of age.

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Ultrastructure of pulmonary microvasculature in acute endotoxemia

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083217 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 470-471

Author(s):

R. G. Gerrity ◽

M. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽

Alveolar Epithelium ◽

Endothelial Damage ◽

Capillary Endothelium ◽

Type Ii Cells ◽

Type Ii ◽

Interstitial Edema ◽

Pulmonary Capillaries ◽

Lung Ultrastructure ◽

Fibrin Thrombi

Dogs were injected intravenously with E_. coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg), and lung samples were taken at 15 min., 1 hr. and 24 hrs. At 15 min., occlusion of pulmonary capillaries by degranulating platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) was evident (Fig. 1). Capillary endothelium was intact but endothelial damage in small arteries and arterioles, accompanied by intraalveolar hemorrhage, was frequent (Fig. 2). Sloughing of the surfactant layer from alveolar epithelium was evident (Fig. 1). At 1 hr., platelet-PML plugs were no longer seen in capillaries, the endothelium of which was often vacuolated (Fig. 3). Interstitial edema and destruction of alveolar epithelium were seen, and type II cells had discharged their granules into the alveoli (Fig. 4). At 24 hr. phagocytic PML's were frequent in peripheral alveoli, while centrally, alveoli and vessels were packed with fibrin thrombi and PML's (Fig. 5). In similar dogs rendered thrombocytopenic with anti-platelet serum, lung ultrastructure was similar to that of controls, although PML's were more frequently seen in capillaries in the former (Fig. 6).

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