scholarly journals Assessment of paddy harvesting practices of Southern Delta Region in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Hasan ◽  
MR Ali ◽  
CK Saha ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Labor Requirement ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Time Required ◽  
National Food Security

Paddy in Bangladesh is an important cereal crop for national food security. Harvesting is the process of collecting mature paddy from the field. Timely harvesting operation is known as crucial and influential processes on quantity, quality and production cost of paddy. The aim of the study was to assess the manual and mechanical harvesting systems of paddy in southern delta region of Bangladesh in terms of labor cost, infield harvesting losses, and time required for harvesting. Several experiments were conducted to compare mechanical and manual harvesting systems. Mechanical harvesting of Aman paddy (November-December 2016) and Boro paddy (April-May 2017) was conducted using two models of reaper and a mini-combine harvester at Dumuria and Wazirpur Upazilas of Khulna and Barisal districts, respectively. An experiment was also conducted at the same locations to determine labor requirement and time for harvesting paddy manually. To determine manual harvesting loss, an experiment was conducted at BAU farm, Mymensingh. Total cost savings in paddy harvesting were found 52% and 37% for mini-combine harvester and reaper, respectively over manual harvesting system. Similarly, labor savings using mini-combine harvester and reaper were found 65% and 52%, respectively over manual harvesting system. The total harvesting losses (including harvesting, threshing and cleaning) were also found 1.24%, 4.22% and 6.36% for using mini-combine, reaper and manual harvesting systems, respectively. The results indicated that manual harvesting is a slow and cost involving system. On the other hand, lack of awareness among farmers about the benefits of mechanical harvesting system and lack of skill manpower for operating and servicing harvesters are major barriers for adopting mechanized harvesting system in southern delta region. This study revealed that mechanical harvesting of paddy using either reaper or mini-combine harvester will assist to strengthen food security in southern delta of Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 57-64, 2019 

A New Fixed-wire, ‘Stent-on-a-wire’, Very-low-profile Stent Delivery System – Rationale, Design and Update

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim A Fischell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Coronary Stenting ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Procedural Cost ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Direct Stenting ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenting ◽  
Time Required

Coronary artery stenting has evolved substantially since the first use of coronary stenting as an adjunct to balloon angioplasty in the early 1990s. The performance (and particularly the deliverability) of coronary stents has improved such that coronary stenting is now the primary mode of revascularisation for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in more than 95% of cases. The new Svelte™ stent-on-a-wire (SOAW) delivery system represents one of the first substantive innovations in stent delivery systems (SDS) in more than a decade. This SDS uses a shapeable ‘fixed wire’ as an integral part of the SDS. This allows a significant reduction in SDS profile (~0.029 inches) compared with conventional monorail or over-the-wire SDS. This SOAW SDS is intended to facilitate direct stenting. It has the potential to provide substantial procedural cost savings by eliminating the need for a coronary guidewire and balloon pre-dilatation and/or post-dilatation, and by reducing contrast use and the time required to complete the procedure. The SOAW system is compatible with 5Fr guiding catheters, and may reduce the need for closure devices, facilitate stenting via the radial approach and (potentially) reduce bleeding risks. In conclusion, the Svelte SOAW SDS represents a new very-low-profile balloon-expandable SDS that should promote direct stenting in PCIs. The efficiency and small profile of this SDS may allow procedural cost savings, a reduction in procedure time and a reduced risk of bleeding complications. These theoretical advantages will need to be demonstrated in clinical trials.

An Analysis of National Food Security Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
V.A. Plotnikov ◽  
◽  
M.V. Suleymanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Security Models ◽  
National Food Security

scholarly journals How Do Firms Respond to Reduced Labor Costs? Evidence from the 2007 Swedish Payroll Tax Reform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven-Olov Daunfeldt ◽  
Anton Gidehag ◽  
Niklas Rudholm
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
Wage Effect ◽  
Marginalized Groups

AbstractOne way for policymakers to reduce labor costs and stimulate the recruitment of marginalized groups of labor in a highly unionized economy is to lower payroll taxes. However, the efficiency of this policy instrument has been questioned, and previous evaluations have mostly found small employment effects for such reforms. We investigate the effects of a payroll tax cut in Sweden that decreased firms’ labor costs in relation to the number of young employees that they had employed when the reform was implemented in 2007. We find that most firms received small labor cost savings as a result of the reform, but those that received larger cost savings increased their number of employees significantly more than firms that received no, or minor, labor cost savings. Our findings also suggest that the payroll tax cut increased the total wages paid to incumbent workers, but the wage effect was too small to offset the positive extensive-margin employment effect of the reform. In total, we find that the Swedish payroll tax reform created 18,100 jobs over the period 2006–2008; most of these jobs were within the targeted group of young employees.

The Effects of Menu Costs on Retail Performance: Evidence from Adoption of the Electronic Shelf Label Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Stamatopoulos ◽  
Achal Bassamboo ◽  
Antonio Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Price Adjustment ◽  
Menu Costs ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Gross Margins

We use the adoption of electronic shelf labels (ESLs) by an international grocery retailer in 2015 to identify the effects of physical menu costs (i.e., labor and material costs of price adjustment) on retail performance. We find that the installation of ESLs increased gross margins substantially, which implies profit gains that go far beyond labor cost savings. We also explore the mechanism behind this effect. We find that the lift in gross margins was associated with an increase in quantity sold and a decrease in price per unit sold, and that the lift primarily came from low-shelf life product categories. Moreover, we find that more and smaller price changes occurred with ESLs. These additional price changes were mostly price decreases, and they were dispersed in time. Our findings are consistent with reductions in both variable and fixed menu costs (i.e., both costs that scale with the number of products affected and costs that do not). This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

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