Improving Labor Productivity and Efficiency of the Use of Production Resources of Agricultural Enterprises

The article considers the current trends in the organization of agricultural production. The directions of evaluation of efficiency of use of production resources are revealed. The prospects for the development of agricultural business in the Republic of Tatarstan are determined. It is noted that in modern conditions, the importance of agriculture in ensuring food security is significantly increasing. The results of regulation of agricultural production and state support of various organizational forms of agricultural business are shown on the example of agricultural formations of the Republic of Tatarstan. They ensured the sustainable development of rural areas and the agricultural sector of the republic, increasing labor productivity and the efficiency of using the production resources of agricultural enterprises on the basis of innovations.

“Tight belts” of farmers as a condition for the profitability of agriculture

The contradiction between the profitable work of agriculture and the lack of its simple reproduction is revealed. Profits of agricultural enterprises are secured by a strict restriction on all major items of expenditure, including labor costs, which farmers are forced to go to due to the low profitability of the industry. They have to tighten their belts more and more, saving even on the necessary things. At the same time, monopolized suppliers of resources to agriculture and network trading networks, which are oligopolies, continue to siphon resources from producers of products. The author emphasizes the nature of perfect competition of the mass of agricultural producers, to which the market economy should strive. The term “market hinterland” is introduced, which characterizes the current situation of agriculture, which is economically disadvantaged by its counterparties. This intersectoral imbalance is not eliminated and is not compensated by the state, since the subsidies allocated are not enough even to bring the wages of agricultural workers to the average size in the Russian economy. The conclusion is made about the weak state regulation of intersectoral relations, which should limit monopolies and oligopolies and create equal economic conditions for different industries and also about the need for a significant increase in state support for agriculture.

Some issues water supply of agriculture in the context of agrarian policy

The article notes that in recent years, water quality has deteriorated sharply. To reduce this process, the introduction of ecosystems in economic entities is required. However, these measures must be subsidized by the state, as the costs are too high. It is necessary to adopt an environmental policy that would contributed to the organization of control over the use of water resources.

Evolution of organizational forms of integration and cooperation in agro-industrial complex

The article examines the features of integration processes in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation at various stages of agricultural policy. The main models of integration and cooperative associations in the Soviet period and in the period of market reforms are analyzed. The forms of integration in modern Russia and the reasons for the insufficient development of cooperative forms are determined. The directions of improving the mechanisms for the development of cooperation and integration are proposed.

Latin American countries and Russia in the international trade of the main tropical fruits

The orientation of a part of the population of economically developed countries to a healthy diet, the spread of ideas of vegetarianism, concern for the environment, and relatively higher incomes contributed to an increase in demand for fruits, berries and nuts of tropical and subtropical origin. Some of them, in particular bananas, oranges, tangerines, lemons, have become common food products and practically everyday consumption for the majority of the population of developed countries in the last quarter of the 20th century. In the future, some other types of fresh fruit and berry products from the tropics and subtropics (for example, pineapple, kiwi, avocado) gradually, due to increased production and international trade, also became more economically available to the ordinary consumer. Based on the analysis of statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for 1961-2019, the article shows a number of trends in international trade (for exports) of major tropical fruits are reflected, with a deeper look at the participation of Latin American countries in this process. It was revealed that some states of this region, such as Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, Peru, Brazil, Chile, occupy significant positions in the supply of bananas, pineapple, avocado, mango, papaya to the world market. Currently, Russia is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of imports of fruit and berry products, therefore, the issue of its participation as a subject of demand in the world tropical fruit market is raised.

Labor satisfaction research in the conditions of digital transformation (robotization) of agriculture

The article examines the problems of job satisfaction of agricultural workers in the context of digital transformation, in particular, the introduction of robotics into production. The main hypothesis of the study is that the use of robotics in agriculture will increase the job satisfaction of workers interacting with robots. The results of a questionnaire survey of job satisfaction of operators of machine and robotic milking are presented. The respondents were most satisfied with the operation of the equipment (8.7 points), the work schedule (8.1 points), the level of supply of consumables (7.8 points). The smallest value of job satisfaction was found in terms of sanitary and hygienic conditions – 6.21 points. Robotic milking operators are more satisfied with the work schedule and work safety than their counterparts on farms without robots. Overall satisfaction with the work of milking machine operators is 6.9 points, and for robotic milking operators – 8.07 points, which is 1.17 points higher. Specific recommendations are given on the use of robotics in agricultural production, which can significantly increase the indicators of job satisfaction.

Development of a strategy for the economic development of an agricultural enterprise using a balanced scorecard

The paper analyzes the dynamically developing methodology for building balanced scorecard systems in the modern world. The reasons for the relevance of the processes of improving the management approach are considered. The article focuses on the existing problems in this area and assesses the prospects for the implementation of this system at one of the agricultural enterprises of the Kursk region – LLC “NIVA” of the Cheremisinovsky district. The article proposes a scheme for the development and implementation of a system of balanced indicators in the enterprise. On the basis of factor analysis, the influence of these indicators on the dynamics of the financial condition of LLC “NIVA” is investigated. Based on the general analysis, the strengths and weaknesses were identified, which allowed us to outline ways to improve management system for financial condition of the enterprise.

Economic efficiency of creating a modular cheese factory in an agricultural enterprise in the region

The article discusses the issues of designing the creation of a modular cheese dairy in an agricultural enterprise in the region. The optimal scheme for financing the project is presented. The costs of production are justified. The proceeds from sales and profit are determined. The payback period of the cheese dairy is calculated.

Evaluation of the development of Russian fisheries complex

The fishery complex of the country is a significant segment of the economy, concentrating all kinds of resources for socio-economic development. The main goal of the country’s fishery complex is the production of fish and fish products for the population. Along with this, an expert assessment of the economic activity of the studied sector of the economy made it possible to identify some problems. The solution to these problems in 2013 was consolidated into a general concept, which served as the basis for the formation and implementation of the state program with total funding until 2020 in the amount of more than 92 billion rubles. In 2020, the program was prolonged, and some target areas were updated according to planned results, while financial support for the coming period amounted to about 52 billion rubles. Currently, the catch (extraction) of aquatic biological resources has increased, safety control has been strengthened, new water areas for fishing activities are being reclaimed, etc. However, there are some problems: marketing activities, updating the material and technical base, reconstructing coastal ports, increasing the share of proceeds through the sale of primary and deep processing products, and developing freshwater aquaculture. At the same time, there is an increase in the economic efficiency of the subjects of the fishery complex, as well as a noticeable social effect in terms of creating new jobs and increasing wages. An analysis of the consumption of fish and fish products by the population showed that a certain deficit has formed in the food market over the past three years, which is caused by numerous factors of internal and external influence. Despite the complexity of the emerging problems in the studied complex, Russia acts as an active partner in the supply of fish and other aquatic biological resources to the world market.

The impact of information and communication technologies on the economic efficiency of agricultural production

Questions and problems related to new production relations arising from the use of information and communication technologies in the technological processes of agricultural production (point farming, differentiation of information support through the reception, processing, presentation of information about the state of the soil, animals, the environment, etc.) between the object and the subject of management are investigated and analyzed. The system of collecting and wireless transmission of data on the state of the soil by means of mobile and stationary sensors with the subsequent analysis of information for making optimal management decisions in crop production is considered.