On the strategic goals, objectives and tools for the implementation of modern land policy

The article presents the author’s vision of the state of modern land relations and the main directions of their improvement on the basis of the proposed draft Doctrine of the land policy of the Russian Federation.

Foreign exchange earnings of the countries of the world from international trade in fruit and berry products

In the context of the modern global financial world order, an important element of the stability of the national monetary unit of the overwhelming majority of countries in the world, especially developing countries, is foreign exchange earnings. For some countries with favorable natural and climatic conditions, the production, processing and export of agricultural products plays a significant role in the overall structure of foreign exchange earnings in the country. The constantly increasing demand from consumers for fruits, berries, nuts and their processed products allows economic entities of national fruit and berry subcomplexes to increase the volume of growing and exporting these types of products. This study analyzes the change in the volume of exports and imports of fruit and berry products in value terms for the period 2010-2019. It is revealed that some states, being the largest exporters of fruits, berries, nuts and products of their processing, occupy significant positions in the import of these types of products from abroad. Based on the author’s calculations, the top 30 countries of the world have been compiled in terms of net foreign exchange earnings from international trade in this type of product. According to this indicator, the first line with a level of $ 7.506 billion was occupied by Spain, while it increased it by $ 1.675 billion over 10 years. As for Russia, despite the counter-sanctions against the countries of the European Union and some other countries of the world, as well as the ongoing policy of import substitution, including in domestic gardening, it continues to be one of the main importers of fruits, berries, nuts and their processing products in the world. Thus, our country supports both foreign producers and other commercial structures that carry out the processes of commodity circulation of fruit and berry products, and the receipt of foreign exchange earnings in these powers.

Ecovillage in the «economy of experience» system

The article reveals the features of a promising (extraordinary) type of settlements - ecovillages. They are presented as one of the new directions in which not only the “green economy” can develop, but also the “experience economy”. At the same time, the “experience economy”, in turn, is considered as the fourth economic proposal for the client (consumer), along with raw materials, products, services. Specific examples of MVT impressions are given, i.e. value of time in monetary terms spent on impressions.

Selection and evaluation of suppliers as a quality control element for bakery products

The article presents research in the field of quality management by suppliers of dairy whey to a bakery enterprise in the Omsk region. The general assessment criteria are systematized in the form of a tree diagram, which makes it possible to identify them depending on the target orientation. When evaluating suppliers, such fundamental elements as the quality of purchased raw materials, their cost and timeliness of delivery were taken into account. The results of an expert assessment of the organoleptic parameters of serum, controlled physicochemical parameters and subsequent regression analysis made it possible to establish their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. A comprehensive assessment of the possibilities allowed us to give an objective assessment, as well as to make a decision on choosing in favor of one of the suppliers.

Clustering of the regions of the Siberian Federal District according to the state of reproduction of labor resources of rural territories

Clustering of the regions of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) was carried out according to the state of reproduction of labor resources in rural areas. The modern problems of reproduction of labor resources in the regions of the SFD are identified, taking into account the peculiarities of each of them. As a result, the distribution of the regions of the Siberian Federal District by the state of labor resources of the rural territories was obtained by the following clusters: national, raw materials and leaders. Recommendations for the development of the reproduction of labor resources in rural areas are offered.

Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.

Labor productivity as the main criterion of economic growth: theoretical aspects (applied to agriculture)

In the system of indicators and signs of the economic development of social production, labor productivity is of crucial importance. The productivity of materialized and living labor is an indicator of the real achievements of the economy - both of an individual business entity and of the entire national economy as a whole, reflects the possibilities of its development in the future and shows the state of each branch of the economy, including agriculture. Labor productivity is the factor that determines the organizational level of an economic entity, characterizes the effectiveness of the management system as a whole, the level of technical and technological equipment of production processes. In addition, labor productivity reflects the professional level of employees, the culture of industrial relations, the stability and organization of the enterprise in a competitive external environment.

Features of food security assessment of municipalities of the Penza region

The article provides an assessment of the food security of the municipalities of the Penza region on the basis of self-sufficiency indicators. It was proposed to adapt the methodology for calculating self-sufficiency indicators, replacing the consumption indicators of the main types of products in municipalities that are not publicly available with indicators of the necessary production volumes in accordance with rational norms, which makes it possible to better assess the extent to which municipal formations are able to provide the population living there with the main types of products, as well as to identify bottlenecks in order to develop proposals for their elimination. The conducted research showed that, in general, the region is quite well provided with potatoes, vegetables, a little worse – meat and milk, it still has insufficient indicators of self-sufficiency in fruits and berries, with the exception of several districts. However, those municipalities where the indicators of self-sufficiency for the above products do not correspond to the Doctrine of Food Security have the potential to increase these indicators, since extremely low results were obtained in a few areas.

Improving the quality and safety of dairy products by implementing a management system

In order to achieve a certain level of food production, it is necessary to manage its quality and safety. Currently, the quality management system based on the principles of HACCP is widely recognized and is the only method for ensuring food security in all developed countries. The ultimate goal of this system is to eliminate or reduce any food safety risks by preventing them. During the research, the main, auxiliary raw materials and the finished product were identified; flowcharts for the production of an enriched whey drink were developed. On the basis of the developed block diagrams, an analysis of microbiological, chemical, physical and qualitative hazards was carried out, it was determined which of the hazardous factors are the most critical, can harm health and must be eliminated or reduced to acceptable levels. Based on the analysis of significant hazards using the Decision Tree algorithm, two critical control points (pasteurization and cooling) were established. Measures for the management of critical control points are established in the HACCP plan, which reflects all CCPs of the production process of the research object and actions for monitoring and managing them. The introduction of elements of a food safety management system into practice contributes to the production of safe products of appropriate quality in compliance with applicable requirements and standards.

Prospects for increasing the volume of agricultural production for export due to the expansion and intensification of the use of Russian land resources

The article is devoted to substantiating the prospects for increasing the marginal volumes of agricultural production for export in the next four years. Two scenarios of such production are considered: 1) expansion and 2) intensification of the use of land resources. As part of the development of the first scenario, an analysis of the distribution of unused agricultural land, including arable land, by federal districts was carried out. Also, based on the forecast of the introduction of additional annual volumes of acreage in the subjects of the Federation, the calculation of additional volumes of agricultural production, which can be expected in the next four years, was carried out. The analysis of data on the increase in the yield of export-oriented crops over the past five years has been carried out, in the framework of the second scenario, the calculation of the projected additional yield due to the intensification of agriculture is presented. The results of the study indicate that the intensification of agriculture will have the greatest impact on the growth of production and export of agricultural products in the near future.