Road Classification Based Energy Efficient Design and its Validation for Indian Roads

Road lighting consumes a significant portion of global electricity. A good road lighting design ensures the fulfilment of visual requirements with optimized design. The initial step for a good road lighting design is to identify the exact lighting class of the concerned road. The existing Indian Road lighting Standard IS: 1944, 1970 is not so well defined with respect to the modern Indian roads. It demands a specific model for classifying any Indian road. This paper focuses towards the validation of a proposed model, which is a modified mathematical model as recommended by CIE: 115, 2010 for classifying the exact lighting category of the Indian roads. This paper also highlights the scope of energy saving by changing the design according to the changed lighting class during different traffic hours in night. Some innovative design is also proposed for a new road based on the proposed classification methodology.

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Introduction of a New Lighting Class for Motorized Roads in Indian Scenario

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2020-081 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-49

Author(s):

Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ◽

Debtanu Ray ◽

Saswati Mazumdar

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Lighting Design ◽

Efficient Design ◽

Lighting Condition ◽

Road Lighting ◽

Indian Context ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Indian Scenario

The requirement of good lighting in road is an essential criterion. But the global energy crunch forces the optimization of energy consumption in road lighting design. The optimization of road lighting design starts with the determination of exact lighting class of the concerned road. The lighting class of different road depends upon few parameters related to traffic, road and its ambient condition. Most of the Indian roads are mixed and highly motorized in nature. In this paper, a new methodology for lighting classification of motorized Indian roads has been proposed. This proposed model has been developed based upon statistical analysis of traffic related parameters in Indian context. This model has also been validated in some real road context. Furthermore, this paper also demonstrates an approach for designing the lighting installation of a motorized road by maintaining the recommended lighting condition corresponds to the lighting class. This finally leads to an energy efficient design.

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Introduction To The New Energy Efficient Class for Road Lighting In Indian Context

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2020-082 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135-145

Author(s):

Suddhasatwa Chakraborty ◽

Saswati Mazumdar

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Lighting Design ◽

Density Parameter ◽

Lighting System ◽

New Classification ◽

The Road ◽

Road Lighting ◽

New Energy ◽

On The Road ◽

Indian Scenario

The assessment of energy consumption in the field of road lighting is different from other lighting applications. In this paper, a newly developed parameter is introduced for the proper assessment of energy efficiency for lighting design of Indian road. The basis of the proposed normalized power density parameter and the effects of few governing factors on it have been also discussed in detail. Those factors are governing measured and calculated based on the road lighting in Indian scenario. A new classification for energy efficient road lighting in Indian road has been introduced. This new proposed classification will help to determine whether a road lighting system is energy efficient or not.

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Error-aware Design Procedure to Implement Energy-efficient Approximate Squaring Hardware

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681209666190807143557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 471-477

Author(s):

Merin Loukrakpam ◽

Ch. Lison Singh ◽

Madhuchhanda Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Relative Error ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Piecewise Linear ◽

Arithmetic Operation ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Digital Signal ◽

Maximum Relative Error ◽

Square Function ◽

Efficient Design

Background:: In recent years, there has been a high demand for executing digital signal processing and machine learning applications on energy-constrained devices. Squaring is a vital arithmetic operation used in such applications. Hence, improving the energy efficiency of squaring is crucial. Objective:: In this paper, a novel approximation method based on piecewise linear segmentation of the square function is proposed. Methods: Two-segment, four-segment and eight-segment accurate and energy-efficient 32-bit approximate designs for squaring were implemented using this method. The proposed 2-segment approximate squaring hardware showed 12.5% maximum relative error and delivered up to 55.6% energy saving when compared with state-of-the-art approximate multipliers used for squaring. Results: The proposed 4-segment hardware achieved a maximum relative error of 3.13% with up to 46.5% energy saving. Conclusion:: The proposed 8-segment design emerged as the most accurate squaring hardware with a maximum relative error of 0.78%. The comparison also revealed that the 8-segment design is the most efficient design in terms of error-area-delay-power product.

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