scholarly journals On the origins of the Sakhas' paternal lineages: Reconciliation of population genetic / ancient DNA data, archaeological findings and historical narratives

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-111
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Y Chromosome Str

Sakhas are Turkic-speaking people from Northeastern Siberia, constituting the largest ethnic population in Yakutia. According to popular legends, two heroes who arrived from the Asian Steppe during the late medieval ages, namely Elley Bootur and Omogoy Baay, are the progenitors of all Sakhas. While there is ample historical evidence towards the existence of such legendary characters, archaeological findings and ancient DNA studies provide further insights on actual Sakha ethnogenesis. This study aims to establish the genetic basis of the legendary characters Elley and Omogoy, at least through their paternal lineages, and then to reveal the prevalence of these Y-chromosomes among the contemporary Yakut population. To this end, an attempt was made to delineate fact from fiction with respect to the Sakhas’ paternal lineages through a reconciliation of population genetics data on contemporary and ancient Sakhas, along with archaeological evidence and well-recorded historical narratives. To achieve this, 17-loci Y-chromosomal STR and haplogroup analyses were conducted on a contemporary Sakha who was presumably a direct descendant of Elley’s paternal line. Furthermore, 367 Sakha Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes were compiled from the literature and elsewhere, and searched against the Y-chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database to find potential matches with non-Sakha populations. Sakhas’ paternal lineages were found to comprise 6 major descent clusters, each corresponding to an ancient clan. The most prevalent haplotype indeed corresponded to that of the contemporary Elley descendant. Furthermore, data presented in the current work suggests a Khitan origin for this paternal line. As shown before, Sakhas’ paternal lineages were found to be very homogenous and exhibit signs of a strong population bottleneck. Reconciled genetic and archaeological data agree well with Sakhas’ historical narratives, whereby, at least from a paternal lineage perspective, only a few individuals may have arrived from Central Asia and had reproductive success that led to the Sakha Y-chromosomal diversity today.

Enduring Traditions and the (Im)materiality of Early Colonial Encounters in the Southeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Holland-Lulewicz ◽  
Victor D. Thompson ◽  
James Wettstaed ◽  
Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Descendant Communities ◽  
Colonial Encounters

Hernando de Soto's expedition through the southeastern United States between 1539 and 1543 is often regarded as a watershed moment for the collapse of Indigenous societies across the region. Historical narratives have proposed that extreme depopulation as a result of early contact destabilized Indigenous economies, politics, networks, and traditions. Although processes of depopulation and transformation were certainly set in motion by this and earlier colonial encounters, the timing, temporality, and heterogeneous rhythms of postcontact Indigenous histories remain unclear. Through the integration of radiocarbon and archaeological data from the Mississippian earthen platform mound at Dyar (9GE5) in central Georgia, we present a case of Indigenous endurance and resilience in the Oconee Valley that has long been obfuscated by materially based chronologies and typologies. Bayesian chronological modeling suggests that Indigenous Mississippian traditions persisted for up to 130 years beyond contact with European colonizers. We argue that advances in modeling radiocarbon dates, along with meaningful consultation/collaboration with descendant communities, can contribute to efforts that move us beyond a reliance on materially based chronologies that can distort and erase Indigenous histories.

Bacterial ancient DNA as an indicator of human presence in the past: its correlation with palynological and archaeological data

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Madeja ◽  
Agnieszka Wacnik ◽  
Agata Zyga ◽  
Elzbieta Stankiewicz ◽  
Ewa Wypasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals The lamp from Kortina near Koper and other bronze lamps of the Adria type

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Andrej Preložnik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Interesting Object

The unusual bronze lamp discovered in test excavations in 1952 in Kortina near Koper represents the so-called Adria type occurring in the Caput Adriae area in late medieval times and in the early modern age. Scarce archaeological data are supplemented and combined with ethnological and art historical evidence. The appearance and functionality are well explained by ethnographic parallels, whereas the artistic depiction sheds light on various manners of their use. Such a multidisciplinary analysis gives a deeper and at the same time broader approach to this interesting object of cultural heritage.

The lamp from Kortina near Koper and other bronze lamps of the Adria type

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Preložnik
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Interesting Object

The unusual bronze lamp discovered in test excavations in 1952 in Kortina near Koper represents the so-called Adria type occurring in the Caput Adriae area in late medieval times and in the early modern age. Scarce archaeological data are supplemented and combined with ethnological and art historical evidence. The appearance and functionality are well explained by ethnographic parallels, whereas the artistic depiction sheds light on various manners of their use. Such a multidisciplinary analysis gives a deeper and at the same time broader approach to this interesting object of cultural heritage.

The genetic basis of male infertility

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Chandley
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Azoospermia Factor ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Fertility Problems ◽  
The Many

Amongst men who attend fertility problems clinics, just over 10% are diagnosed to be oligospermic (< 5 × 106 sperm per ml) or azoospermic, with no known aetiological explanation. Amongst the many possible causes of impaired sperm production there is a genetic component, a pointer to the possible location of some of the responsible genes being found in 1976 when Tiepolo and Zuffardi discovered six azoospermic individuals with a deleted Y chromosome. In each individual, the long arm of the Y chromosome had lost its distal fluorescent segment as well as part of the nonfluorescent euchromatin lying proximal to it (Figure 1). They hypothesized that factors important in spermatogenesis might lie at the interface between fluorescent and nonfluorescent material. The locus, AZFor ‘azoospermia factor’, was subsequently mapped, using collections of deleted Y chromosomes, to interval six of the long arm and it lies within cytological band Yq11.23 (Figure 2).

scholarly journals Assessment of autosomal and male DNA extracted from casework samples using Casework Direct Kit, Custom and Maxwell 16 System DNA IQ Casework Pro Kit for autosomal-STR and Y-STR profiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashom Mohd Hakim ◽  
Hussein Omar Khan ◽  
Siti Afifah Ismail ◽  
Shahrizad Ayob ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Str Profiling ◽  
Autosomal Str ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Y Chromosome Str ◽  
Equal Capacity ◽  
Dna Template

Abstract Short repetitive regions in autosomal and Y chromosomes known as short tandem repeats (STRs) are currently used for DNA profiling in crime investigations. However, DNA profiling requires a sufficient quality and quantity of DNA template, which is often not obtained from trace evidence or degraded biological samples collected at the scene of a crime. Here, we assessed autosomal and male DNA components extracted from crime scene and mock casework samples using the Casework Direct Kit, Custom and compared the results against those obtained by extraction of matching samples using well-established Maxwell 16 System DNA IQ Casework Pro Kit. The quantity and quality of extracted DNA obtained using both Casework Direct Kit, Custom and Maxwell 16 System DNA IQ Casework Pro Kit were analyzed using PowerQuant Systems followed by autosomal and Y-chromosome STR profiling using GlobalFiler Express PCR Amplification Kit and PowerPlex Y23 System, respectively. Our results showed that the Casework Direct Kit and Maxwell 16 DNA IQ Casework Pro Kit have more or less equal capacity to extract inhibitor free DNA, but that the latter produces slightly better quality and more DNA template and subsequently higher numbers of STR allele calls for autosomal and Y-STR analyses. Nonetheless, the Casework Direct Kit, Custom is the quicker and cheaper option for extraction of good, clean DNA from high content material and might best be used for extraction of reference samples. Such reference DNA samples typically come from buccal swabs or freshly drawn blood. So, in general, they can confidently be expected to have a high nucleic acid content and to be inhibitor-free.

Ancient DNA analysis of human neolithic remains found in northeastern Siberia

2005 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Xavier Ricaut ◽  
A. Fedoseeva ◽  
Christine Keyser-Tracqui ◽  
Eric Crubézy ◽  
Bertrand Ludes
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Ancient Dna Analysis

The City as Fac¸ade in Velha Goa: Recognising Enduring Forms of Urbanism in the Early Modern Konkan

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 320-352
Author(s):  
Brian C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Urban Decline ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Colonial Archives ◽  
The City

What do we know of early modern colonial urbanisms in South Asia? Rich archival sources provide meta-narratives of the ‘rise and fall’ of colonial outposts and their spatial projects. This article revisits these histories through the results of an archaeological project conducted at Portuguese Goa. In settings such as Velha Goa, histories of the city are unavoidably structured by elite, top-down understandings of social processes, principally owing to the limits of the colonial archives themselves. Quotidian material transformations, essential to urban process, remain largely unconsidered. In Goa, the archaeological data suggest the dominant historical narratives that characterise this capital of empire as the ̒Rome of the East’ work to substantiate a vision of the city that erases other socialities. The archaeological data allow us to productively think of the colonial early modern urban landscape as both a physical and conceptual façade. Historical tropes of ruination mask rich and varied archaeological evidence of enduring forms of urbanism. The idea of the city as façade allows at once a characterisation of the concealed failures of colonial urban governance and its legacies in perpetuating certain ideals and understandings of urbanism, and it questions narratives of urban decline that still resonate today.

scholarly journals The Brexit hypothesis and prehistory

Antiquity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (366) ◽  
pp. 1650-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Brophy
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Nationalism And Identity

Archaeologists have more opportunities than ever to disseminate their research widely—and the public more opportunities to engage and respond. This has led to the increasing mobilisation of archaeological data and interpretations within the discourses of nationalism and identity politics. This debate piece introduces the Brexit hypothesis, the proposition that any archaeological discovery in Europe can—and probably will—be exploited to argue in support of, or against, Brexit. Examples demonstrate how archaeological and ancient DNA studies are appropriated for political ends, and a series of recommendations and strategies for combatting such exploitation are proposed by the author.

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