scholarly journals Evidence for a carrier state of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S St-Hilaire ◽  
C Ribble ◽  
G Traxler ◽  
T Davies ◽  
ML Kent
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis

scholarly journals Virulence and Infectivity of UC, MD, and L Strains of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) in Four Populations of Columbia River Basin Chinook Salmon

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Hernandez ◽  
William Brown ◽  
Kerry A. Naish ◽  
Gael Kurath
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis

Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) infects juvenile salmonid fish in conservation hatcheries and aquaculture facilities, and in some cases, causes lethal disease. This study assesses intra-specific variation in the IHNV susceptibility of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River Basin (CRB), in the northwestern United States. The virulence and infectivity of IHNV strains from three divergent virus genogroups are measured in four Chinook salmon populations, including spring-run and fall-run fish from the lower or upper regions of the CRB. Following controlled laboratory exposures, our results show that the positive control L strain had significantly higher virulence, and the UC and MD strains that predominate in the CRB had equivalently low virulence, consistent with field observations. By several experimental measures, there was little variation in host susceptibility to infection or disease. However, a small number of exceptions suggested that the lower CRB spring-run Chinook salmon population may be less susceptible than other populations tested. The UC and MD viruses did not differ in infectivity, indicating that the observed asymmetric field prevalence in which IHNV detected in CRB Chinook salmon is 83% UC and 17% MD is not due to the UC virus being more infectious. Overall, we report little intra-species variation in CRB Chinook salmon susceptibility to UC or MD IHNV infection or disease, and suggest that other factors may instead influence the ecology of IHNV in the CRB.

Resistance to three pathogens in the endangered winter-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): effects of inbreeding and major histocompatibility complex genotypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen D Arkush ◽  
Alan R Giese ◽  
Holly L Mendonca ◽  
Anne M McBride ◽  
Gary D Marty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
Lower Infection

We have carried out the first major infectivity trial to examine differential genetic resistance in fish for pathogens. We used captive-bred, endangered winter-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to determine resistance to three pathogens: the bacterium, Listonella (Vibrio) anguillarum, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes whirling disease. We compared resistance to these three pathogens between inbred and outbred salmon and between siblings that were heterozygous or homozygous for a class II gene in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In two of five different comparisons, we found significant genetic effects on disease resistance. First, MHC heterozygotes had a higher survival than MHC homozygotes when exposed to IHNV and the selection disadvantage of homozygotes was estimated to be 8.5%. Second, outbred fish had a higher resistance (or lower infection severity) than inbred fish when exposed to M. cerebralis. Using a quantitative genetics approach, it appears that there are slightly more than three gene equivalents segregating that would result in no resistance to M. cerebralis when homozygous. Overall, our investigation suggests that pathogen susceptibility in the winter-run chinook salmon will increase if further genetic variation is lost in this endangered species.

Fish Cell Lines: Comparisons of CHSE-214, FHM, and RTG-2 in Assaying IHN and IPN Viruses

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Kelly ◽  
B. W. Souter ◽  
H. R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

The rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, gonad (RTG-2) cell line was more sensitive to lytic infection by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) than was the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, (FHM) cell line in laboratory and field studies. Laboratory investigations with known strains of IPNV (VR 299 and Buhl) also indicated that the cytopathic response in IPNV-infected chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, embryo (CHSE-214) cells was greater than in infected FHM cells. In contrast, titration experiments with standard infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) isolates (Oregon and Cedar River) showed that the FHM cells were more sensitive to destructive infection by IHNV than was either of the salmonid cell lines (RTG-2, CHSE-214). Key words: fish cell culture, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, chinook salmon embryo cells, fathead minnow cells, rainbow trout cells, salmonid viruses

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