scholarly journals Intra-Group Orca Call Rate Modulation Estimation Using Compact Four Hydrophones Array

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Poupard ◽  
Helena Symonds ◽  
Paul Spong ◽  
Hervé Glotin
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Call Rate ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Rate Modulation ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Anthropic Pressure ◽  
Compact Array

Acoustic emissions are vital for orca (Orcinus orca) socializing, hunting, and maintaing spatial awareness. Studying the acoustic emissions of orcas on an individual basis often results in interference with their natural behaviors through mounting tags or following by boat. In order to analyze their inter- and intra-group communication, we propose a study allowing us to associate vocalizations with their emitter (matriline and when possible individual). Such a non-interfering device for allocating calls to individual orcas could substantially boost our understanding of their complex acoustic world. Our experimental protocol was based on a compact array of four hydrophones fixed near the shore, operable up to 1 km away from the path of orcas. It was used during summer 2019 at the research station OrcaLab, northern Vancouver Island, Canada. A total of 722 calls were extracted, jointly with visual identification and azimuth of surfacing orcas, allowing validation of the acoustic diarization and azimuth estimations of the orca calls. We then calculated the Call Rate (CR) for each matriline or when possible individual in order to describe their acoustic activity. Preliminary results show that CR could be modulated according to the distance of the signaler from a group, the presence of another group, or anthropic pressure.

scholarly journals Evidences of Intra-Group Orca Call Rate Modulation Using A Small-Aperture Four Hydrophone Array

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Poupard ◽  
Helena Symonds ◽  
Paul Spong ◽  
Hervé Glotin
Keyword(s):  
Group Communication ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Spatial Awareness ◽  
Call Rate ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Small Aperture ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Hydrophone Array

Abstract Acoustic emissions are vital to orcas (Orcinus orca) to socialize, hunt, orient, and maintain spatial awareness. In order to better analyze their inter and intra-group communication, we propose a novel protocol that allows us to associate vocalizations with their emitter (individual/matriline). Our approach is based on a low cost small-aperture four hydrophone array fixed near the shore up to a few km away from the orcas’ path, operated in conjunction with visual identification. It was conducted in the summer of 2019 off northern Vancouver Island, Canada, at the research station OrcaLab. A total of 722 calls were extracted and localized in azimuth via the hydrophone array from 3 case studies in which different events took place.We then calculated the Call Rate (CR) for each individual/matriline in order to describe their acoustic activity. Results show that CR is modulated according to the distance of the signaler from the joint group, the presence of another group, and the anthropic pressure (nearby cruise ship). This shows evidence of intertwined calls. This protocol does not interfere with the animals and opens new perspectives towards inter and intra-group communication analysis.

Effect of Integral Proteins on Frozen Membrane Fracture

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 756-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kirchanski ◽  
D. Branton
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Glycophorin A ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Transmembrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Bond Breakage ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Integral Proteins

We have investigated the effect of integral membrane proteins upon the fracturing of frozen lipid bilayers. This investigation has been part of an effort to develop freeze fracture labeling techniques and to assess the possible breakage of covalent protein bonds during the freeze fracture process. We have developed an experimental protocol utilizing lectin affinity columns which should detect small amounts of covalent bond breakage during the fracture of liposomes containing purified (1) glycophorin (a transmembrane glycoprotein of human erythrocyte membranes). To fracture liposomes in bulk, frozen liposomes are ground repeatedly under liquid nitrogen. Failure to detect any significant covalent bond breakage (contrary to (2)) led us to question the effectiveness of our grinding procedure in fracturing and splitting lipid bilayers.

Oto Acoustic Emissions (OAE): the shape-similarity of pure-tone audiogram and OAE-gram

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
G. A. van zanten ◽  
A. van de sande ◽  
M. P. brocaar
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Shape Similarity ◽  
Pure Tone Audiogram

Personality in captive killer whales (Orcinus orca): A rating approach based on the five-factor model.

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulán Úbeda ◽  
Sara Ortín ◽  
Judy St. Leger ◽  
Miquel Llorente ◽  
Javier Almunia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Killer Whales

Audience effects on food call rate and structure in brown capuchins

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Pollick ◽  
Frans B. M. de Waal ◽  
Harold Gouzoules
Keyword(s):  
Call Rate ◽  
Food Call ◽  
Audience Effects

Experimental Protocol for Study and Evaluation of Post-Surgical Perineural Scar

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crosio Alessandro ◽  
Pierluigi Tos ◽  
Mario Cherubino ◽  
Matteo Izzo ◽  
Stefano Geuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Protocol

On the Reliability of the Use of Heparin Immobilized on Agarose for the Study of the Interactions among Heparin, Thrombin and Antithrombin

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 084-086
Author(s):  
Wayne W Fish ◽  
Ingemar Björk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Appreciable Difference ◽  
Thrombin Inhibition ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Inhibition Of Thrombin

SummaryThe extent of inhibition of thrombin was re-examined as a consequence of the sequence of addition of thrombin and antithrombin III to a column of heparin immobilized on agarose. With the use of pure enzyme, pure inhibitor, and a highly sensitive chromogenic substrate, no appreciable difference in the extent of thrombin inhibition was observed between the two sequences of addition. These observations, together with a demonstrated sensitivity of the method to variations in experimental protocol, challenge the conclusions reached in an earlier work (Hatton and Regoeczi, Thromb. Res. 1977; 10:645) which utilized this experimental approach but which employed larger quantities of reactants and a less sensitive substrate.

Comparative Effectiveness Of Seed Treating And Foliar Insecticides Against Sucking Pests Of Cotton And Impact On Their Natural Enemies

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMA Hossain ◽  
MA Baque ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

The Imidacloprid insecticide, Gaucho 70 WS at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg seed was used as seed treatment and monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha was applied as foliar spray on CB9 cotton cultivar to suppress aphid, whitefly and thrips, and impact on their natural enemies during 2008-2011 at the Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The activity of natural enemies, such as ladybird beetle, lacewing, syrphid, and spider population on the sucking pests attacking cotton cultivar CB9 and yield of cotton were recorded. Imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid, whitefly, and thrips population on cotton crops compared to untreated control or foliar spray of monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha. Ladybird beetles, lacewings, syrphids, and spiders were abundant in the field but their population decreased in the treated plots compared to untreated control. The CB9 cotton cultivar produced significantly higher yield (1.73 t/ha) with a benefit cost ratio 12.47 when seeds were treated with Imidacloprid at 5.5 g/kg fuzzy seed. This study indicated that Imidacloprid (Gaucho 70 WS) used as a seed treatment may be suggested to the cotton growers for controlling sucking pests. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 61-70, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15190

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