scholarly journals The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathlyn Laval ◽  
Katrien C. K. Poelaert ◽  
Jolien Van Cleemput ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Annelies P. Vandekerckhove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Horse Industry

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus related to pseudorabies virus (PRV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus is one of the major pathogens affecting horses worldwide. EHV-1 is responsible for respiratory disorders, abortion, neonatal foal death and equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Over the last decade, EHV-1 has received growing attention due to the frequent outbreaks of abortions and/or EHM causing serious economical losses to the horse industry worldwide. To date, there are no effective antiviral drugs and current vaccines do not provide full protection against EHV-1-associated diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of EHV-1 in order to develop effective therapies. The main objective of this review is to provide state-of-the-art information on the pathogenesis of EHV-1. We also highlight recent findings on EHV-1 immune evasive strategies at the level of the upper respiratory tract, blood circulation and endothelium of target organs allowing the virus to disseminate undetected in the host. Finally, we discuss novel approaches for drug development based on our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of EHV-1.

scholarly journals Replication kinetics of neurovirulent versus non-neurovirulent equine herpesvirus type 1 strains in equine nasal mucosal explants

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 2019-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies P. Vandekerckhove ◽  
S. Glorieux ◽  
A. C. Gryspeerdt ◽  
L. Steukers ◽  
L. Duchateau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Mucosal Explants

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is the causative agent of equine herpes myeloencephalopathy, of which outbreaks are reported with increasing frequency throughout North America and Europe. This has resulted in its classification as a potentially emerging disease by the US Department of Agriculture. Recently, it was found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the viral DNA polymerase gene (ORF30) at aa 752 (N→D) is associated with the neurovirulent potential of EHV-1. In the present study, equine respiratory mucosal explants were inoculated with several Belgian isolates typed in their ORF30 as D752 or N752, to evaluate a possible difference in replication in the upper respiratory tract. In addition, to evaluate whether any observed differences could be attributed to the SNP associated with neurovirulence, the experiments were repeated with parental Ab4 (reference neurovirulent strain), parental NY03 (reference non-neurovirulent strain) and their N/D revertant recombinant viruses. The salient findings were that EHV-1 spreads plaquewise in the epithelium, but plaques never cross the basement membrane (BM). However, single EHV-1-infected cells could be observed below the BM at 36 h post-inoculation (p.i.) for all N752 isolates and at 24 h p.i. for all D752 isolates, and were identified as monocytic cells and T lymphocytes. Interestingly, the number of infected cells was two to five times higher for D752 isolates compared with N752 isolates at every time point analysed. Finally, this study showed that equine respiratory explants are a valuable and reproducible model to study EHV-1 neurovirulence in vitro, thereby reducing the need for horses as experimental animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine expressing H3 haemagglutinin in the protection of dogs against canine influenza

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 2335-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rosas ◽  
Gerlinde R. Van de Walle ◽  
Stephan M. Metzger ◽  
Karin Hoelzer ◽  
Edward J. Dubovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Canine Influenza

Late-Term Abortion, Stillbirth, and Neonatal Foal Death in Kyrgyzstan: First Isolation of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in the Country

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Maksat Akhmedzhanov ◽  
Rysbek Nurgaziev ◽  
Jailobek Orozov ◽  
Irmgard Moser ◽  
Nikolaus Osterrieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1

Recombinant Glycoprotein B of Equine herpesvirus Type 1 Elicits Protective Immune Response against Challenge in BALB/c Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Joshi ◽  
R.P. Gupta ◽  
Selvaraj Pavulraj ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Bera ◽  
Taruna Anand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Protective Immune Response ◽  
Glycoprotein B ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Recombinant Glycoprotein ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1

Background: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is the most important viral pathogen of equines, causing respiratory illness, abortion, neonatal foal mortality and neurologic disorders. Large numbers of commercial EHV-1 vaccines are available to protect equines from the disease, but they provide only partial protection. Despite immunization with inactivated and modified live virus vaccine, mares show abortions. Present study was aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of EHV-1 recombinant glycoprotein B (rgB) and gB expressing plasmid DNA against EHV-1 infection in BALB/c mice model.Methods: About 3-4 weeks old 225 female BALB/c mice were selected for the comparative study of immunization followed by challenged with EHV-1/India/Tohana/96-2 strain virus in 5 different groups of 45 animals each.Result: Following immunization, rgB vaccinated mice showed optimal stimulation of EHV-1 gB specific cell mediated and humoral mediated immunity (HMI and CMI). The gB expressing plasmid DNA vaccinated mice developed only CMI while inactivated whole virus vaccinated mice had only HMI. Upon EHV-1 challenge, all infected mice displayed variable levels of clinical signs with changes in body weight, however, vaccinated mice showed very rapid recovery with optimal protection. Positive control group mice showed severe pulmonary lesions along with persistence virus infection till 5 days post challenge (dpc) whereas vaccinated mice had less pulmonary lesion only up to 3dpc. Minimal lung lesions and early virus clearance was observed in the rgB immunized mice in comparison to the gB plasmid DNA and inactivated EHV-1 vaccine immunized mice. It has been concluded that immunization with rgB elicits optimum protective immune response against EHV-1 infection in mice model. The rgB could be a potential vaccine candidate against EHV-1 infection in equine in the future.

scholarly journals A retrospective study on equine herpesvirus type-1 associated myeloencephalopathy in France (2008–2011)

2015 ◽  
Vol 179 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby van Galen ◽  
Agnes Leblond ◽  
Pierre Tritz ◽  
Ludovic Martinelle ◽  
Stéphane Pronost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus Type 1
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