scholarly journals Viruses and Their Interactions With Bacteria and Archaea of Hypersaline Great Salt Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishav Bhattarai ◽  
Ananda S. Bhattacharjee ◽  
Felipe H. Coutinho ◽  
Ramesh K. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Great Salt Lake ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Auxiliary Metabolic Genes

Viruses play vital biogeochemical and ecological roles by (a) expressing auxiliary metabolic genes during infection, (b) enhancing the lateral transfer of host genes, and (c) inducing host mortality. Even in harsh and extreme environments, viruses are major players in carbon and nutrient recycling from organic matter. However, there is much that we do not yet understand about viruses and the processes mediated by them in the extreme environments such as hypersaline habitats. The Great Salt Lake (GSL) in Utah, United States is a hypersaline ecosystem where the biogeochemical role of viruses is poorly understood. This study elucidates the diversity of viruses and describes virus–host interactions in GSL sediments along a salinity gradient. The GSL sediment virosphere consisted of Haloviruses (32.07 ± 19.33%) and members of families Siphoviridae (39.12 ± 19.8%), Myoviridae (13.7 ± 6.6%), and Podoviridae (5.43 ± 0.64%). Our results demonstrate that salinity alongside the concentration of organic carbon and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) governs the viral, bacteria, and archaeal diversity in this habitat. Computational host predictions for the GSL viruses revealed a wide host range with a dominance of viruses that infect Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Identification of auxiliary metabolic genes for photosynthesis (psbA), carbon fixation (rbcL, cbbL), formaldehyde assimilation (SHMT), and nitric oxide reduction (NorQ) shed light on the roles played by GSL viruses in biogeochemical cycles of global relevance.

scholarly journals Nutrient Recycling by Eared Grebes in the Great Salt Lake

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Roberts ◽  
Michael R. Conover
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Great Salt Lake

scholarly journals Microbialite response to an anthropogenic salinity gradient in Great Salt Lake, Utah

Geobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Lindsay ◽  
C. Anderson ◽  
N. Fox ◽  
G. Scofield ◽  
J. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Great Salt Lake

Life in extreme environments: microbial diversity in Great Salt Lake, Utah

Extremophiles ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loubna Tazi ◽  
Donald P. Breakwell ◽  
Alan R. Harker ◽  
Keith A. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Great Salt Lake ◽  
Extreme Environments

scholarly journals New viral biogeochemical roles revealed through metagenomic analysis of Lake Baikal

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Coutinho ◽  
P. J. Cabello-Yeves ◽  
R. Gonzalez-Serrano ◽  
R. Rosselli ◽  
M. López-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Dark Carbon Fixation ◽  
Auxiliary Metabolic Genes

Abstract Background Lake Baikal is the largest body of liquid freshwater on Earth. Previous studies have described the microbial composition of this habitat, but the viral communities from this ecosystem have not been characterized in detail. Results Here, we describe the viral diversity of this habitat across depth and seasonal gradients. We discovered 19,475 bona fide viral sequences, which are derived from viruses predicted to infect abundant and ecologically important taxa that reside in Lake Baikal, such as Nitrospirota, Methylophilaceae, and Crenarchaeota. Diversity analysis revealed significant changes in viral community composition between epipelagic and bathypelagic zones. Analysis of the gene content of individual viral populations allowed us to describe one of the first bacteriophages that infect Nitrospirota, and their extensive repertoire of auxiliary metabolic genes that might enhance carbon fixation through the reductive TCA cycle. We also described bacteriophages of methylotrophic bacteria with the potential to enhance methanol oxidation and the S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle. Conclusions These findings unraveled new ways by which viruses influence the carbon cycle in freshwater ecosystems, namely, by using auxiliary metabolic genes that act upon metabolisms of dark carbon fixation and methylotrophy. Therefore, our results shed light on the processes through which viruses can impact biogeochemical cycles of major ecological relevance.

scholarly journals New Viral Biogeochemical Roles Revealed Through Metagenomic Analysis of Lake Baikal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FH Coutinho ◽  
PJ Cabello-Yeves ◽  
R Gonzalez-Serrano ◽  
R Rosselli ◽  
M López-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Dark Carbon Fixation ◽  
Auxiliary Metabolic Genes

AbstractLake Baikal is the largest body of liquid freshwater on Earth. Previous studies have described the microbial composition of this habitat but the viral communities from this ecosystem have not been characterized in detail. Here we describe the viral diversity of this habitat across depth and seasonal gradients. We discovered 19,475 bona fide viral sequences, which are derived from viruses predicted to infect abundant and ecologically important taxa that reside in Lake Baikal, such as Nitrospirota, Methylophilaceae and Crenarchaeota. Diversity analysis revealed significant changes in viral community composition between epipelagic and bathypelagic zones. Analysis of the gene content of individual viral populations allowed us to describe one of the first bacteriophages that infect Nitrospirota, and their extensive repertoire of auxiliary metabolic genes that might enhance carbon fixation through the reductive TCA cycle. We also described bacteriophages of methylotrophic bacteria with the potential to enhance methanol oxidation and the S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle. These findings unraveled new ways by which viruses influence the carbon cycle in freshwater ecosystems, namely by using auxiliary metabolic genes that act upon metabolisms of dark carbon fixation and methylotrophy. Therefore, our results shed light on the processes through which viruses can impact biogeochemical cycles of major ecological relevance.

Bibliographic notes on H. Stansbury's Exploration and survey of …/ Expedition to the valley of the Great Salt Lake

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Dorr ◽  
D. H. Nicolson ◽  
L. K. Overstreet
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Great Salt Lake ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Multiple Issues ◽  
Title Pages

Howard Stansbury's classic work is bibliographically complex, with two true editions as well as multiple issues of the first edition. The first edition was printed in Philadelphia; its 487 stereotyped pages were issued in 1852 under two different titles with three variant title-pages (an official US government issue and two trade issues). A second edition was printed in Washington in 1853 and had 495 typeset pages (with corrections and additions in the appendices). The issue of 1855 is identical to the 1852 trade issue, except for the change of the date on the title-page. Each issue and edition, with its bindings and plates, is described.

Selected hydrologic data from wells in the East Shore area of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1985

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald G. Plantz ◽  
Cynthia L. Appel ◽  
David W. Clark ◽  
Patrick M. Lambert ◽  
Robert L. Puryear
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Great Salt Lake ◽  
Hydrologic Data
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