lake baikal
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2022 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 108764
Author(s):  
Alberto Arzac ◽  
Daniel Diaz de Quijano ◽  
Kseniia I. Khotcinskaia ◽  
Ivan I. Tychkov ◽  
Viktor I. Voronin ◽  
...  

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Galina Zhamsueva ◽  
Alexander Zayakhanov ◽  
Tamara Khodzher ◽  
Vadim Tcydypov ◽  
Tumen Balzhanov ◽  
...  

The atmosphere over Lake Baikal covers a vast area (31,500 square meters) and has more significant differences in the composition and variability of gaseous and aerosol components in atmospheric air than in coastal continental areas and is still a poorly studied object. In recent years, the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal has been increasing due to the development of industry in the region, the expansion of tourist infrastructure and recreational areas of the coastal zone of the lake. In addition, one of the significant sources of atmospheric pollution in the Baikal region is the emissions of smoke aerosol and trace gases from forest fires, the number of which is increasing in the region. This article presents the results of experimental studies of the dispersed composition of aerosols and gas impurities, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides during route ship measurements in the water area of Lake Baikal in the summer of 2020.


Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Alyona Alexandrovna Nikonova ◽  
Sergey Mikhailovich Shishlyannikov ◽  
Nadezhda Antonovna Volokitina ◽  
Yuri Pavlovich Galachyants ◽  
Yuri Sergeevich Bukin ◽  
...  

In this study, we present results on fatty acid analysis of phytoplankton of Lake Baikal, the world’s deepest lake, which differs from other lakes by its oceanic features. Since we used a large-mesh net, the net sample phytoplankton were primarily represented by the large elongated diatom Synedra acus. subsp. radians (Kützing) Skabichevskij. The similar algae composition of net samples of spring season phytoplankton collected at different sites of the lake allows us to compare results of the fatty acid analysis of these samples. The phytoplankton diversity of the sedimentation samples was contrary represented by 32 algae species. There are clear changes in the fatty acid composition of net phytoplankton exposed to anthropogenic impacts of varying intensity. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phytoplankton collected from central stations (pelagic stations at a distance of ~10–30 km from the shoreline) without anthropogenic impact was higher by up to 15% than phytoplankton collected from nearshore stations (littoral stations at a distance of ~0.01–0.05 km from the shoreline) and offshore stations (pelagic stations at a distance of ~3 km from the shoreline). The interlaboratory precision of fatty acid determination of phytoplankton is estimated as ≤10%. We found high content of the lipid peroxidation marker (80–340 μg g−1 of dry weight) in phytoplankton from nearshore and offshore stations with intensive anthropogenic impact. In phytoplankton from central stations, we did not find any lipid peroxidation. Determination of unsaturated fatty acids, coupled with analysis of fatty acid peroxidation products, can be used to evaluate the level of anthropogenic impact in terms of ecological health and biodiversity conservation.


PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12748
Author(s):  
Sergey Anatoljevich Potapov ◽  
Irina Vasilievna Tikhonova ◽  
Andrey Yurjevich Krasnopeev ◽  
Maria Yurjevna Suslova ◽  
Natalia Albertovna Zhuchenko ◽  
...  

Lake Baikal phage communities are important for lake ecosystem functioning. Here we describe the diversity of T4-bacteriophage associated with the bacterial fraction of filtered water samples collected from the pelagic zone, coastal zone and shallow bays. Although the study of the diversity of phages for the g23 gene has been carried out at Lake Baikal for more than ten years, shallow bays that comprise a significant part of the lake’s area have been neglected, and this gene has not previously been studied in the bacterial fraction. Phage communities were probed using amplicon sequencing methods targeting the gene of major capsid protein (g23) and compared phylogenetically across sample locations and with sequences previously retrieved from non-bacterial fractions (<0.2 um) and biofilms (non-fractionated). In this study, we examined six water samples, in which 24 to 74 viral OTUs were obtained. The sequences from shallow bays largely differed from those in the pelagic and coastal samples and formed individual subcluster in the UPGMA tree that was obtained from the comparison of phylogenetic distances of g23 sequence sets from various ecosystems, reflecting differences in viral communities depending on the productivity of various sites of Lake Baikal. According to the RefSeq database, from 58.3 to 73% of sequences of each sample had cultivated closest relatives belonging to cyanophages. In this study, for phylogenetic analysis, we chose the closest relatives not only from the RefSeq and GenBank NR databases but also from two marine and one freshwater viromes: eutrophic Osaka Bay (Japan), oligotrophic area of the Pacific Ocean (Station ALOHA) and mesotrophic and ancient Lake Biwa (Japan), which allowed us to more fully compare the diversity of marine and freshwater phages. The identity with marine sequences at the amino acid level ranged from 35 to 80%, and with the sequences from the viral fraction and bacterial one from Lake Biwa—from 35.3 to 98% and from 33.9 to 89.1%, respectively. Therefore, the sequences from marine viromes had a greater difference than those from freshwater viromes, which may indicate a close relationship between freshwater viruses and differences from marine viruses.


2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-732
Author(s):  
Lev Oganesyants ◽  
Elena Sevostianova ◽  
Elena Kuzmina ◽  
Mikhail Ganin ◽  
Eugene Chebykin ◽  
...  

Introduction. Due to its natural composition, the deep water of Lake Baikal can be bottled without any conserving agents. The development of large-scale production of bottled Baikal water requires its detailed study in order to protect it from counterfeit and falsification. The purpose of this work was to study the isotopic and chemical composition of the deep water of Lake Baikal and offer indicators for its identification. Study objects and methods. The research included deep water of Lake Baikal, sampled at various points, the water from the Angara River, and the tap water from the cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. The tests were performed using a quadrupole ICP-MS mass spectrometer and a Delta V Plus isotope mass spectrometer with a GasBench II module. Results and discussion. All the water samples revealed fresh water with insignificant mineralization. As for salts, the deep water samples had a lower content of sodium and chlorides, as well as a higher content of silicon. As for metals, the deep water samples contained iron, manganese, copper, and zinc; in the tap water samples, these indicators were significantly higher. Unlike that of the Angara water samples, the isotopic profile of the deep water samples was somewhat “lighter”, both in the ratio of oxygen isotopes δ18O – by 0.73‰, and hydrogen δD – by 0.49‰. The tap water samples had a higher deuterium content. The content of oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in the tap water samples was close to that in the Angara samples. Conclusion. The complex physicochemical and isotope analyses expanded the list of identification indicators and made it possible to identify the deep water of Lake Baikal.


Universe ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Elena Bonvech ◽  
Dmitry Chernov ◽  
Miroslav Finger ◽  
Michael Finger ◽  
Vladimir Galkin ◽  
...  

The SPHERE project studies primary cosmic rays by detection of the Cherenkov light of extensive air showers reflected from the snow covered surface of the earth. Measurements with the aerial-based detector SPHERE-2 were performed in 2011–2013. The detector was lifted by a balloon to altitudes of up to 900 m above the snow covered surface of Lake Baikal, Russia. The results of the experiment are summarized now in a series of papers that opens with this article. An overview of the SPHERE-2 detector telemetry monitoring systems is presented along with the analysis of the measurements conditions including atmosphere profile. The analysis of the detector state and environment atmosphere conditions monitoring provided various cross-checks of detector calibration, positioning, and performance.


2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
A. S. Bazarova ◽  
R. S. Sychev ◽  
A. V. Bazarov ◽  
E. B. Atutov ◽  
Yu. B. Bashkuev

The values of the atmospheric refraction index N for ultra-short radio waves for the territory of Buryatia according to the data of meteorological stations were calculated. The monthly average values N contours maps for the central months of the seasons of 2020 were constructed. It is shown the humidity of Lake Baikal and the relief significantly influence N. On average, the values of the refractive index near the lake are 20–30 N-units higher. It is revealed the monthly average N values have maxima in winter and summer with minimums in spring and autumn, with the main maximum occurring in July.


2022 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay I Akulov ◽  
Maria N Rubtsova ◽  
Varvara V Akulova ◽  
Alexander A Shchetnikov

Phytotaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 530 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
VASILY S. VISHNYAKOV

This note describes a new record of Gomphonema firmum Skvortzow, which expanded both morphological and distributional ranges of the species. This conspicuous diatom was previously unknown outside of Lake Baikal, where it inhabits deep-water areas. The newly discovered locality belongs to a small stream at a distance of 180 km west from Lake Baikal, where the species was found in a relatively high abundance that enabled to trace a size diminution series including specimens shorter than previously described. In addition, G. lanceolatum var. maximum Poretzky, a name for a diatom from Lake Teletskoe, was included in a synonymy of G. firmum that further expanded the species distribution. In the light of the presented data, the species appears to be a rare diatom with current distribution limited to a few scattered localities in southern Siberia.


Author(s):  
Oleg M. Khlystov ◽  
Marc De Batist ◽  
Hirotsugu Minami ◽  
Akihiro Hachikubo ◽  
Andrey V. Khabuev ◽  
...  

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